CÁNCER, SISTEMA INMUNOLÓGICO Y EJERCICIO FÍSICO: UNA REVISIÓN NARRATIVA
Palabras clave:
Oncología, Inmunología, Entrenamiento Físico, Quimioterapia, RadioterapiaResumen
El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa fue relacionar aspectos funcionales del sistema inmunológico con cáncer y sus formas convencionales de tratamiento bien como verificar si la práctica del ejercicio físico puede presentarse como estrategia en el tratamiento de pacientes oncológicos. El sistema inmunológico protege el organismo humano contra agentes agresores y presenta una compleja e integradora forma de acción que envuelve diferentes células inmunes. El cáncer se disuelve a partir de células defectuosas que no son reconocidas por células inmunes y el tratamiento convencional por quimioterapia y/o radioterapia genera efectos colaterales relevantes. La práctica de ejercicio físico, principalmente desde el diagnóstico de la enfermedad, permite la reducción tanto de los efectos colaterales, como de las células cancerígenas. De este modo, la práctica de ejercicios físicos debe ser considerada como un tratamiento adyuvante al convencional contra el cáncer.Citas
ABBAS, Abul K; LICHTMAN, Andrew H; PILLAI, Shiv. Imunologia celular e molecular. 8. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2015.
ANSARI, Aneesa e colaboradores. Function of the SIRT3 mitochondrial deacetylase in cellular physiology, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. Aging cell, v. 16. n. 1, p. 4-16, 2016.
AVERSA, Zaira; COSTELLI, Paola; MUSCARITOLI, Maurizio. Cancer-induced muscle wasting: latest findings in prevention and treatment. Therapeutic advances in medical oncology, v. 9, n. 5, p. 369-82, 2017.
BARRETT, Kim E. e colaboradores. Fisiologia médica de Ganong. 24. ed. Porto Alegre, RS: AMGM. 2014.
BAYNES, John W; DOMINICZAK, Marek H. Bioquímica médica. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2011.
BERGER, Ann M. e colaboradores. Screening, evaluation, and management of cancer-related fatigue: ready for implementation to practice. CA: A cancer journal of clinicians, v. 65, n. 3, p. 190-211, 2015.
BOURKE, Liam e colaboradores. Exercise for men with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European urology, v. 69, n. 4, p. 693-703, 2016.
BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resolução no 287/98. Relaciona 14 (quatorze) categorias profissionais de saúde de nível superior para fins de atuação no CNS. 1998.
BRODIN, Petter; DAVIS, Mark M. Human immune system variation. Nature reviews immunology, v. 17, n. 1, p. 21-9, 2017.
BROWN, Justin C. e colaboradores. The efficacy of exercise in reducing depressive symptoms among cancer survivors: a meta-analysis. Plos one, v. 7, n. 1, 2012.
CORMIE, Prue e colaboradores. The impact of exercise on cancer mortality, recurrence, and treatment-related adverse effects. Epidemiologic reviews, v. 39, n. 1, p. 71-92, 2017.
COURNEYA, Kerry S. e colaboradores. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical oncology, v. 25, n. 28, p. 4396-4404, 2007.
CRUVINEL, Wilson de Melo e colaboradores. Immune system: Part I. Fundamentals of innate immunity with emphasis on molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammatory response. Revista brasileira de reumatologia, v. 50, n. 4, p. 434-47, 2010.
DINARELLO, Charles A. Historical insights into cytokines. European journal of immunology, v. 37, p. 34-35, 2007. (suplemento).
DY, Grace K; ADJEI, Alex A. Understanding, recognizing, and managing toxicities of targeted anticancer therapies. CA: A cancer journal for clinicians, v. 63, n. 4, p. 249-79, 2013.
FEARON, Kenneth C H. Cancer cachexia and fat-muscle physiology. The New England journal of medicine, v. 365, n. 6, p. 565-7, 2011.
FEARON, Kenneth e colaboradores. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. The lancet oncology, v. 12, n. 5, p. 489-95, 2011.
FEIGERLOVÁ, Eva; BATTAGLIA-HSU, Shyue-Fang. Cytokines in endocrine dysfunction of plasma cell disorders. Mediators of inflammation, v. 2017, p. 1-13, 2017.
GRIFFITHS, Hellen R; GAO, Dan; PARARASA, Chathyan. Redox regulation in metabolic programming and inflammation. Redox biology, v. 12, p. 50-7, 2017.
GUILLEMOT-LEGRIS, Owein; MUCCIOLI, Giulio G. Obesity-induced neuroinflammation: beyond the hypothalamus. Trends in neuroscience, v. 4, n. 4, p. 237-53, 2017.
HALL, John E. Guyton e Hall: tratado de fisiologia médica. 13. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2017.
HEIDEN, Matthew G Vander; CANTLEY, Lewis C; THOMPSON, Craig B. Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science, v. 324, n. 5930, p. 1029-33. 2009.
HILFIKER, Roger e colaboradores. Exercise and other non-pharmaceutical interventions for cancer-related fatigue in patients during or after cancer treatment: a systematic review incorporating an indirect-comparisons meta-analysis. British journal of sports medicine, p.1-9, 2017.
HOESEL, Bastian; SCHMID, Johannes. A. The complexity of NF-kB signaling in inflammation and cancer. Molecular cancer, v. 12, n. 86, p. 2-15, 2013.
HOFFMANN, Christoph; WEIGERT, Cora. Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: the role of myokines in exercise adaptations. Cold spring harbor perspectives in medicine, p. 1-22, 2017.
INCA. Estimativa 2016: incidência de câncer no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, 2015.
JUNTTILA, Melissa R; EVAN, Gerard I. p53 – a jack of all trades but master of none. Nature reviews cancer, v. 9, n. 11, p. 821-9, 2009.
KIM, Ji Jeong; SHIN, Yun A; SUK, Min Hwa. Effect of 12-week walking exercise program on body composition and immune cell count in patients with breast cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy. Journal of exercise nutrition and biochemistry, v. 19, n. 3, p. 255-62, 2015.
LAVOY, Emily C. P; FAGUNDES, Christopher P; DANTZER, Robert. Exercise, inflammation, and fatigue in cancer survivors. Exercise immunology review, v. 22, p. 82-93, 2016.
LEUNG, Pak-Shan e colaboradores. Exercise alters the IGF axis in vivo and increases p53 protein in prostate tumor cells in vitro. Journal of applied physiology, v. 96, n. 2, p. 450-4, 2004.
LI, Zhuo; KANG, Yibin. Lipid metabolism fuels cancer´s spread. Cell metabolism, v. 25, n. 2, p. 228-30, 2017.
LIMA, Waldecir Paula. Mecanismos moleculares associados à hipertrofia e hipotrofia muscular: relação com a prática de exercício físico. Revista brasileira de fisiologia do exercício, v. 16, n. 2, p. 95-113, 2017.
LIPSHULTZ, Steven E. e colaboradores. American heart association. Long-term cardiovascular toxicity in children, adolescents, and young adults who receive cancer therapy: pathophysiology, course, monitoring, management, prevention, and research directions. Circulation, v. 128, n. 17, p. 1927-95, 2013.
MOSLEHI, Javid J. Cardiovascular toxic effects of targeted cancer therapies. The New England journal of medicine, v. 375, n. 15, p. 1457-67, 2016.
NATH, Aritro; CHAN, Christina. Genetic alterations in fatty acid transport and metabolism genes are associated with metastatic progression and poor prognosis of human cancers. Scientific reports, v. 6, p 1-13, 2016.
NGO, Tung H. e colaboradores. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-1 modulate prostate cancer cell growth and apoptosis: possible mediators for the effects of diet and exercise on cancer cell survival. Endocrinology, v. 144, n. 6, p. 2319-24.
NOGUEIRA, Henrique Stelzer; LIMA, Waldecir Paula. Linfoma de Hodgkin, quimioterapia e exercício físico: respostas hematológicas e de desempenho físico. Revista brasileira de prescrição e fisiologia do exercício, v. 10, n. 62, p. 782-97, 2016.
NUDELMAN, Kelly N. H. e colaboradores. Cerebral perfusion and gray matter changes associated with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Journal of clinical oncology, v. 34, n. 7, p. 677-83, 2016.
ORNISH, Dean e colaboradores. Intensive lifestyle changes may affect the progression of prostate cancer. The journal of urology, v. 174, n. 3, p. 1065-70, 2015.
PASCUAL, Gloria e colaboradores. Targeting metastasis-initiating cells through the fatty acid receptor CD36. Nature, v. 541, n. 7635, p. 41-5 2017.
PORTA, Camillo; PAGLINO, Chiara; MOSCA, Alessandra. Targeting of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer. Frontiers in oncology, v. 4, p. 1-11, 2014.
POWELL, Emily; PIWNICA-WORMS, David; PIWNICA-WORMS, Helen. Contribution of p53 to metastasis. Cancer discovery, v. 4, n. 4, p. 405-14, 2014.
PRADÈRE, Jean-Philippe; DAPITO, Dianne H.; SCHWABE, Robert F. The yin and yang of toll-like receptors in cancer. Oncogene, v. 33, n. 27, p. 3485-95, 2013.
RICKLIN, Daniel e colaboradores. Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis. Nature immunology, v.11, n. 9, p. 785–97, 2010.
ROCK, Cheryl L. e colaboradores. Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. CA: A cancer journal for clinicians, v. 62, n. 4, p. 242-74, 2012.
RUNDQVIST, Helene e colaboradores. Effect of acute exercise on prostate cancer cell growth. Plos one, v. 8, n. 7, 2013.
SALGUEIRO, Rafael Barrera e colaboradores. Lactate activates the somatotropic axis in rats. Grow Hormone & IGF Research, v. 24, n. 6, p. 268-70, 2014.
SAMUVEL, Devadoss J. e colaboradores. Lactate boosts TLR4 signaling and NF-kB pathway-mediated gene transcription in macrophages via monocarboxylate transporters and MD-2 up-regulation. The Journal of Immunology, v. 182, n. 4, p. 2476-84, 2009.
SAN-MÍLLAN, Iñigo; BROOKS, George A. Reexamining cancer metabolism: lactate production for carcinogenesis could be the purpose and explanation of the Warburg effect. Carcinogenesis, v. 38, n. 2, p. 1-15, 2016.
SERETNY, Marta e colaboradores. Incidence, prevalence, and predictors of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain, v. 155, n. 12, p. 2461-70, 2014.
SRINIVASAN, Swetha e colaboradores. TLR-exosomes exhibit distinct kinetics and effector function. Scientific Reports, v. 7, p. 1-14, 2017.
STAROBOVA, Hana; VETTER, Irina. Pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, v. 10, art. 174, p. 1-21, 2017.
STENKEN, Julie A.; POSCHENRIEDER, Andreas J. Bioanalytical chemistry of cytokines-a review. Analytica chimica acta, v. 853, p. 95–115, 2015.
TERRA, Rodrigo e colaboradores. Efeitos do exercício no sistema imune: resposta, adaptação e sinalização celular. Revista brasileira de medicina do esporte, v. 18, n. 3, p. 208-14, 2012.
TOTSCH, Stacie K; SORGE, Robert E. Immune system involvement in specific pain conditions. Molecular Pain, v. 13, p. 1–17, 2017.
TURNER, Mark D. e colaboradores. Cytokines and chemokines: at the crossroads of cell signalling and inflammatory disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular. Cell Research, v. 1843, n. 11, p. 2563–82, 2014.
WANG, Ping-yuan; ZHUANG, Jie; HWANG, Paul M. p53: exercise capacity and metabolism. Current opinion in oncology, v. 24, n. 1, p. 76-82, 2012.
WANG, Xin Shelley e colaboradores. Prevalence and characteristics of moderate to severe fatigue: a multicenter study in cancer patients and survivors. Cancer, v. 120, n. 3. p. 425-32, 2014.
WARBURG, Otto. On the origin of cancer cells. Science, v. 123, n. 3191, p. 309-14, 1956.
WHO - World Health Organization. World's health ministers renew commitment to cancer prevention and control. Disponível em: <http://www.who.int/cancer/media/news/cancer-prevention-resolution/en/>. Acesso em: 06 de outubro de 2017.
ZHANG, LuShun e colaboradores. The TLR9 gene polymorphisms and the risk of cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis. Plos one, v. 8, n. 8, p. 1-7, 2013.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Creative Commons Attribution License que permitindo o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria do trabalho e publicação inicial nesta revista.
-
A Revista Corpoconsciência da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons - Atribuição 4.0 Internacional. Baseado no trabalho disponível em https://periodicoscientificos.ufmt.br/ojs/index.php/corpoconsciencia/index.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).