ABIOTIC FACTORS AND LULC CHANGES AFFECTING THE DIVERSITY OF WILD SPECIES OF SOLANACEAE IN THE ECUADORIAN ANDES
DOI:
10.31413/nat.v12i2.17705Keywords:
diversidade, espécies silvestres de Solanaceae, LULC, EquadorAbstract
ABSTRACT: The diversity of wild species of Solanaceae is very important for maintaining ecosystem resilience and food security. This study identified the abiotic conditions that contribute to the presence of wild species of Solanaceae and the main changes in Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) that affect their conservation in the Ecuadorian Andes. A Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and LULC change analysis were performed to elucidate the proposed objectives. The results show the influence that factors such as geographic latitude and precipitation have on wild species of Solanaceae have been observed through the MCA; to a lesser extent, but just as important, so were frosts and droughts. Three groups have also been identified in this study: Group 1 (S. olmosense) located in the southwest of the country, higher temperatures (16-22 °C), average rainfall (1207 mm/year), no influence of frost and medium tolerance to droughts; Group 2 (S. chilliasense and S. albornozii) also to the south, with a high presence of frost and drought, but with lower temperatures (10-14 °C) and precipitation (1115 mm/year) and loam soils; finally, Group 3 (S. albicans, S. andreanum, S. chomatophilum, S. colombianum and S. minutifoliolum) is the most abundant, with a distribution in the center and north of the country, under a wide range of temperature (2 to 22 °C), precipitation (500-2000 mm/year) and tolerant to frost and drought. The change of LULC evidences a significant decrease (p<0.001) of 5.1 km2/year from Grasslands and Forests and semi-natural to cultivated areas, artificial territory, bare soils and pastures for the three groups. Ecuador's climate variability allows diversity in the distribution of wild species of Solanaceae, which are affected by the change of LULC, so it is necessary to take concrete actions to facilitate the conservation of the potato genetic resource.
Keywords: diversity; wild species of Solanacea; land use; land cover.
Fatores abióticos e alterações no LULC afetando a diversidade de espécies silvestres de Solanaceae nos Andes equatorianos
RESUMO: A diversidade de espécies silvestres de Solanaceae é muito importante para a manutenção da resiliência dos ecossistemas e da segurança alimentar. Este estudo identificou as condições abióticas que contribuem para a presença de espécies silvestres de Solanaceae e as principais mudanças no Uso e Cobertura da Terra (LULC) que afetam sua conservação nos Andes equatorianos. Uma Análise de Correspondência Múltipla (ACM), Análise de Agrupamento Hierárquico e Análise de Mudanças LULC foram realizadas para elucidar os objetivos propostos. Os resultados mostram a influência que fatores como latitude geográfica e precipitação têm sobre espécies silvestres de Solanaceae têm sido observados através da MCA; em menor grau, mas igualmente importante, assim como geadas e secas. Três grupos também foram identificados neste estudo; Grupo 1 (S. olmosense) localizado no sudoeste do país, temperaturas mais elevadas (16-22 °C), precipitação média (1207 mm/ano), ausência de influência de geadas e média tolerância a secas; Grupo 2 (S. chilliasense e S. albornozii) também ao sul, com alta presença de geadas e secas, mas com temperaturas mais baixas (10-14 °C) e precipitação (1115 mm/ano) e solos francos; finalmente, o Grupo 3 (S. albicans, S. andreanum, S. chomatophilum, S. colombianum e S. minutifoliolum) é o mais abundante, com distribuição no centro e norte do país, sob ampla faixa de temperatura (2 a 22 °C), precipitação (500-2000 mm/ano) e tolerante a geadas e secas. A mudança do LULC evidencia uma diminuição significativa (p<0,001) de 5,1 km2/ano de Campos e Florestas e áreas seminaturais para cultivadas, território artificial, solos nus e pastagens para os três grupos. A variabilidade climática do Equador permite diversidade na distribuição de espécies silvestres de Solanaceae, que são afetadas pela mudança do LULC, por isso é necessário tomar ações concretas para facilitar a conservação do recurso genético da batata.
Palavras-chave: diversidade; espécies silvestres de Solanaceae; mudanças no uso do solo; mudanças na cobertura do solo.
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