SALUD MENTAL Y TRASTORNOS EN ENTRENADORES DEPORTIVOS DE ÉLITE
UNA REVISIÓN DE ALCANCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51283/rc.29.e18644Palabras clave:
Psicología del Deporte, Bienestar, Entrenadores de ÉliteResumen
La salud mental de los entrenadores deportivos de élite es reconocida cada vez más como una dimensión crítica, aunque aún poco explorada, del deporte de alto rendimiento. Esta revisión de alcance examinó la literatura existente con el fin de mapear cómo las demandas personales, organizacionales y relacionadas con el rendimiento influyen en el bienestar de los entrenadores y en su vulnerabilidad a los trastornos mentales. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed y SPORTDiscus, identificando 354 estudios, de los cuales solo siete cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La evidencia, publicada en su mayoría en los últimos cinco años y procedente principalmente de Europa y Oceanía, revela un patrón consistente: las entrenadoras reportan mayores niveles de desgaste psicológico en comparación con sus colegas varones, debido principalmente a presiones organizacionales y responsabilidades asociadas al rendimiento deportivo. Estos hallazgos ponen de manifiesto importantes vacíos en la investigación y subrayan la necesidad urgente de reformas organizacionales y de programas específicos de apoyo a la salud mental que garanticen el bienestar de los entrenadores. Abordar estas cuestiones resulta esencial no solo para la salud individual de los profesionales, sino también para la sostenibilidad a largo plazo de los entornos deportivos de élite.
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