ECOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF NATURAL REGENERATION OF FOREST PHYTOCOENOSES IN THE LEFT-BANK POLISSIA OF UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v14i3.21224Palavras-chave:
biodiversity, ecosystems, natural regeneration, integrated population analysis, population structureResumo
Relações ecológicas da regeneração natural de fitocenoses florestais na Polísia da Margem Esquerda da Ucrânia
RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os fatores que afetam a densidade populacional, a viabilidade e a estabilidade estrutural da regeneração natural de espécies florestais importantes (Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur, Acer platanoides) na Polissia da Margem Esquerda da Ucrânia. A pesquisa concentrou-se em quatro formações florestais: Pineta sylvestris, Querceta roboris, Betuleta pendulae e Populeta tremulae. Os levantamentos de campo utilizaram amostragem aleatória estratificada e análise elementar de coortes de regeneração espontânea. Os principais fatores ambientais que influenciam as condições das coortes incluem o regime hídrico do solo, o teor de nitrogênio, os carbonatos, a luminosidade do habitat e o regime térmico. O estudo revelou como as características das coortes respondem aos gradientes desses fatores, demonstrando diversidade e individualidade, cruciais para o aumento do potencial adaptativo e da sustentabilidade ambiental. A resposta dessas coortes jovens aos fatores ecológicos reflete as necessidades específicas de regeneração de cada espécie e a capacidade de adaptação de cada uma. Nas florestas de Pineta sylvestris hylocomiosa, as condições para o sucesso da regeneração natural foram consideradas favoráveis. No entanto, a pressão antropogênica levou a uma redução de 35 a 55% na densidade de regeneração, à diminuição da vitalidade e ao desequilíbrio entre as coortes. O estudo também constatou que a regeneração natural é mais rentável do que o plantio florestal, reduzindo os custos em até 3,5 vezes por hectare. Essas descobertas podem orientar o manejo florestal sustentável e prever a capacidade de adaptação dos ecossistemas florestais às mudanças climáticas.
Palavras-chave: biodiversidade; ecossistemas; regeneração natural; análise populacional integrada; estrutura populacional; modelagem matemática.
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