ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR DEL MICROBIOMA DEL BULBO DE CEBOLLA COMO FUENTE DE MICROORGANISMOS ANTAGONISTAS PARA EL CONTROL DE LA PUDRICIÓN POSTCOSECHA

William Rivera-Méndez; Karla Aymerich-Picado; Tania Esquivel-Morales; William Watson-Guido; Jaime Brenes-Madriz

doi:10.31413/nat.v14i2.20375

Autores

William Rivera-Méndez wirivera@itcr.ac.cr
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2065-6264
Karla Aymerich-Picado karla.aymerich@gmail.com
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-3850
Tania Esquivel-Morales taniae954@gmail.com
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica.
William Watson-Guido wwatson@itcr.ac.cr
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-5159
Jaime Brenes-Madriz jabrenes@itcr.ac.cr
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2325-8808

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v14i2.20375

Palavras-chave:

bioinsumo, Allium cepa L., microbioma, secador solar, bioformulación

Resumo

Estudo preliminar do microbioma do bulbo da cebola como fonte de microorganismos antagonistas para o controle da podridão pós-colheita

RESUMO: A cebola é um dos vegetais mais importantes economicamente no mundo, mas cerca de 30% é perdida anualmente devido a doenças pós-colheita. Em terras tropicais, como as dos países da América Central, os secadores solares de bulbos geram um ambiente ideal para o desenvolvimento de podridões, que são tratadas com a aplicação de agroquímicos de alta residualidade. O uso de controladores biológicos nesta fase pode ser uma opção de manejo sustentável. Uma análise metagenômica preliminar das comunidades na superfície do bulbo pode ajudar a compreender a estrutura e a funcionalidade de um ecossistema e servir de base para o desenvolvimento de bioinsumos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o microbioma da superfície do bulbo de cebola por meio de uma abordagem metagenômica preliminar e descritiva e isolar micro-organismos antagonistas a patógenos que causam o apodrecimento do bulbo. A análise do microbioma revelou diferenças entre as comunidades na superfície da cebola quando seca no secador solar (SS) e no campo, sob luz solar direta (SC). No perfil taxonômico do secador solar, a predominância de microrganismos termotolerantes e patogênicos pode favorecer a colonização por bactérias causadoras de podridão mole, enquanto a luz solar direta, aliada a uma comunidade mais equilibrada entre saprófitos, patógenos e controladores biológicos, reduz a presença dessas bactérias. Das 108 cepas isoladas, finalmente, 3 bactérias foram selecionadas por seu antagonismo contra Pseudomonas spp. e uma contra Penicillium spp. com valores de 60,67, 49,2, 44,05 e 24,72%, respectivamente. As bactérias selecionadas foram classificadas no gênero Pseudomonas e demonstraram potencial de uso como controle biológico na fase pós-colheita. De acordo com nossa análise, o estudo do microbioma do bulbo é o primeiro a ser empregado na comparação entre métodos de secagem de cebola em produções tropicais.
Palavras-chave: bioinput; Allium cepa L.; microbioma; secador solar; bioformulação.

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