WOOD DECAY FUNGI IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v14i2.20880Palabras clave:
wood decay fungi, waste recycling, wastewater treatment, soil bioremediation, biologically active substancesResumen
Wood decay fungi (WDF) are a functional group of fungi that mainly includes the types Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. High exoenzymatic activity and osmotic nutrition of WDF are the basis for their use in green technologies. The aim of the work was to summarize scientific data on the potential of WDF in green technologies, including those implemented in practice. The analysis of publications in Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed and eLIBRARY.RU databases was carried out using generally accepted methods of metadata sorting. Industries where the properties of WDF are most in demand were identified using the expert analysis method, they are: processing of lignin- and cellulose-containing waste, wastewater and soil treatment, obtaining medicinal substances in pharmacology, and agriculture. WDF is suitable for processing any lignocellulosic waste. Trametes, Pleurotus and Ganoderma have a high biodegradation potential. Aspergillus, Lentinula and Trametes show the extraction of metals from wastewater at the level of 90%. Fungi of the genera Trametes, Ganoderma, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Pleurotus and Phlebia are suitable for the biodegradation of phenols, oil products, pesticides and antibiotics. Wastewater treatment, soil remediation and industrial waste processing with WDF are based on the mechanisms of biosorption, biodegradation and bioconversion. WDF metabolites are used in pharmacology to improve pre-pathological conditions, prevent diseases, and treat in combination with basic therapy. In agriculture, WDF are multifunctional: from processing difficult-to-decompose waste to obtain feed enriched with biologically active substances to soil mycoremediation and the substitution of synthetic herbicides. Thus, green WDF technologies solve the problems of waste recycling, restoration of polluted water and soil, and inclusion of valuable metabolites in production.
Keywords: wood decay fungi; waste recycling; wastewater treatment; soil bioremediation; biologically active substances.
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