ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES Y MITIGACIÓN DE GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO: UN ANÁLISIS BASADO EN REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA

Santos Andrés Castillo-Vargas; Alexander Manuel Villoslada-Chilón; Frank William  Tomas-Caballero

doi:10.31413/nat.v13i2.19483

Authors

Santos Andrés Castillo Vargas C24145@utp.edu.pe
Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Trujillo, La Libertad, Perú./Universidad Privada del Norte, Trujillo, La Libertad, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7230-2919
Alexander Manuel Villoslada-Chilón C30142@utp.edu.pe
Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Trujillo, La Libertad, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3700-9610
Frank William Tomas-Caballero C26174@utp.edu.pe
Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Trujillo, La Libertad, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-0904

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v13i2.19483

Keywords:

Sostenibilidad energética, Impacto ambiental, Ecoeficiencia, Transición energética

Abstract

El objetivo del presente estudio, fue evaluar el impacto de distintas fuentes de ER en la reducción de GEI y su aplicación en diversos sectores. A nivel metodológico, se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura, utilizando el método PICO, a través de la cual se definieron las palabras claves y con el uso de conectores booleanos (OR y AND) y la aplicación de criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 27 artículos de Scopus, ScienceDirect y WoS, los cuales sirvieron para el análisis. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que las ER apuntan a una reducción de GEI, en los sistemas híbridos la solar y eólica tienen una participación del 100% y 90,90% respectivamente, mientras que la biomasa e hidroeléctrica ofrecen beneficios en regiones con disponibilidad en infraestructuras hidroeléctricas y residuos orgánicos. No obstante, la adopción de ER enfrenta barreras económicas, técnicas y regulatorias, como altos costos iniciales y falta de infraestructura. Se concluyó que, las ER representan una alternativa viable para mitigar los GEI y combatir el cambio climático. Sin embargo, su expansión requiere políticas públicas, incentivos económicos y avances tecnológicos que permitan superar las barreras existentes y fomentar una transición energética sostenible.

Palabras-clave: sostenibilidad energética; impacto ambiental; ecoeficiência; transición energética.

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