WOOD DECAY FUNGI IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN TECHNOLOGIES

Anna Sergeevna Olkova; Yuliya Alexandrovna Zlobina; Oksana Evgenievna Kononova; Dmitriy Vladimirovich Popyvanov

doi:10.31413/nat.v14i2.20880

Autores

Anna Sergeevna Olkova morgan-abend@mail.ru
Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russian Federation. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5798-8211
Yuliya Alexandrovna Zlobina ylechkaaaa@mail.ru
N.V. Rudnitsky Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Kirov, Russian Federation. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9066-0536
Oksana Evgenievna Kononova oksana.kononova.98@mail.ru
N.V. Rudnitsky Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Kirov, Russian Federation. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0949-1403
Dmitriy Vladimirovich Popyvanov 1fast@mail.ru
N.V. Rudnitsky Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Kirov, Russian Federation. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-4542

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v14i2.20880

Palavras-chave:

wood decay fungi, waste recycling, wastewater treatment, soil bioremediation, biologically active substances

Resumo

Fungos de decomposição da madeira no meio ambiente e as tecnologias verdes

RESUMO: Os fungos de decaimento da madeira (FDM) são um grupo funcional de fungos que inclui principalmente os tipos Basidiomycota e Ascomycota. A alta atividade exoenzimática e a nutrição osmótica de FDM são a base do seu uso em tecnologias verdes. O objetivo do trabalho foi resumir dados científicos sobre o potencial da FDM em tecnologias verdes, incluindo as já implementadas na prática. A análise de publicações nas bases de dados Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed e eLIBRARY.RU foi realizada utilizando métodos geralmente aceitos para classificação de metadados. As indústrias onde as propriedades do FDM são mais procuradas foram identificadas usando o método de análise especializada, são elas: processamento de resíduos contendo lignina e celulose, tratamento de efluentes e solos, obtenção de substâncias medicinais em farmacologia, agricultura. FDM são adequados para o processamento de qualquer resíduo lignocelulósico. Trametes, Pleurotus, Ganoderma apresentam alto potencial de biodegradação. Aspergillus, Lentinula e Trametes mostram extração de metais a partir de efluentes em 90%. Fungos dos gêneros Trametes, Ganoderma, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Pleurotus e Phlebia são adequados para a biodegradação de fenóis, derivados do petróleo, pesticidas e antibióticos. O tratamento de efluentes, a remediação do solo e o processamento de resíduos industriais com FDM baseiam-se nos mecanismos de biossorção, biodegradação e bioconversão. Os metabólitos da FDM são usados em farmacologia para melhorar as condições pré-patológicas, prevenir doenças e tratar em combinação com a terapia básica. Na agricultura, os FDM são multifuncionais: desde o processamento de resíduos difíceis de decompor até a obtenção de ração enriquecida com substâncias biologicamente ativas, passando pela micorremediação do solo e pela substituição de herbicidas sintéticos. Assim, as tecnologias FDM verdes resolvem os problemas de reciclagem de resíduos, restauração de água e de solo poluídos e inclusão de metabólitos valiosos na produção.

Palavras-chave: fungos de decomposição da madeira; reciclagem de resíduos; tratamento de efluentes; biorremediação do solo; substâncias biologicamente ativas.

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