Land Cover and Precipitation Monitoring in the Gurupi River Basin Using MapBiomas

Abstract

Rapid population growth and the expansion of human activities have intensified pressures on environmental systems, compromising water security in Amazonian river basins. This study aimed to identify changes in land use and land cover in the Gurupi River Basin and their relationship with precipitation patterns between 2014 and 2024. Land use and land cover data were obtained from MapBiomas Collection 10, based on Landsat imagery with a spatial resolution of 30 m, while precipitation data were derived from the integration of ERA5-Land, GPCC, GPM, and CAMS datasets. The data were processed in a Geographic Information System environment to produce thematic maps, quantify land cover classes, and perform a comparative analysis of precipitation. The results revealed the expansion of agricultural activities, forestry, and mining, accompanied by a reduction in forest cover. Differences in rainfall distribution were also identified between the Upper and Lower Gurupi regions, with higher precipitation levels associated with areas of greater forest cover. The findings demonstrate the potential of geospatial technologies for hydroenvironmental monitoring, providing valuable information to support territorial planning, environmental conservation, and the sustainable management of water resources in the Amazon.