SOLUBILIZAÇÃO DE FOSFATOS E POTÁSSIO POR BACTÉRIAS RIZOSFÉRICAS - UMA REVISÃO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v12i4.17576Palavras-chave:
Macronutrientes, microrganismos, biodisponibilizaçãoResumo
O fósforo e o potássio são elementos químicos essenciais no ciclo de vida das plantas e são considerados fatores limitantes para o desenvolvimento da agricultura. Anualmente, muitos fertilizantes comerciais são aplicados em campo para atender às exigências e à alta demanda da produção vegetal, mas a baixa eficiência de aproveitamento desses insumos pode gerar impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. Quando aplicados no solo, esses elementos são rapidamente fixados em minerais de argila por meio de reações químicas, o que dificulta sua absorção pelas raízes das plantas. Como alternativa ao uso intensivo de insumos químicos, muitas pesquisas estão sendo direcionadas para o emprego de bactérias que habitam a rizosfera e possuem a capacidade de biodisponibilizar macronutrientes insolúveis. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre as bactérias solubilizadoras de fosfatos e potássio, seus mecanismos de ação e seu uso como bioinoculantes. Os artigos científicos foram selecionados de acordo com a proposta deste trabalho, por meio de bancos de dados como Web of Science, SciELO, Google Scholar, Periódico Capes e Scopus. Esta revisão apresenta resultados relevantes sobre o uso e a multifuncionalidade das rizobactérias, mostrando-as como uma estratégia de baixo custo e aplicabilidades ecológicas diversas, que promove a sustentabilidade agrícola.
Palavras-chave: macronutrientes; microrganismos; biodisponibilização.
Solubilization of inorganic phosphates and potassium by rhizospheric bacteria - a review
ABSTRACT: Phosphorus and potassium are essential chemical elements in the plant life cycle and are considered limiting factors for agricultural development. Every year, many commercial fertilizers are applied in the field to meet the demands of high crop production; however, the low efficiency in nutrient uptake can lead to negative environmental impacts. When applied to the soil, these elements are quickly fixed in clay minerals through chemical reactions, making their absorption by plant roots more difficult. Much research is focused on employing rhizosphere-dwelling bacteria capable of bioavailable insoluble macronutrients as an alternative to intensive use of chemical inputs. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a literature review on phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, their action mechanisms, and their use as bioinoculants. Scientific articles were selected according to the purpose of this work through databases such as Web of Science, SciELO, Google Scholar, Capes Journals, and Scopus. This review presents relevant findings on the use and multifunctionality of rhizobacteria, showcasing them as a low-cost strategy with diverse ecological applications that promote agricultural sustainability.
Keywords: macronutrients; microorganisms; bioavailability.
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