TECNOLOGÍAS PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE BIOGÁS Y BIOHIDRÓGENO A PARTIR DE LODOS EN PLANTAS DE TRATAMIENTO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v14i2.20350Palabras clave:
Generación de energía , Ernergías limpias , tecnologías sostenibles , Economía circularResumen
Los lodos generados en plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) representan una fuente valiosa de energía renovable; mediante la aplicación de tecnologías, pueden convertirse en biogás y biohidrógeno, contribuyendo a la sostenibilidad energética y a la economía circular. El presente artículo de revisión sistemática de la literatura buscó analizar las diversas tecnologías empleadas para la producción de biogás y biohidrógeno a partir de lodos en PTAR. Para ello, se utilizó el método PICO para identificar las preguntas de análisis; se trabajó con Scopus y Web of Science; asimismo, se establecieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión y, mediante la metodología PRISMA, se sistematizó el cribado, seleccionándose un total de 64 artículos. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que, para la producción de biogás y biohidrógeno, destacan procesos como la digestión y la codigestión anaerobias, que emplearon tecnologías para mejorar su eficiencia. Además, se identificaron barreras comunes que dificultan su implementación a gran escala, como el consumo energético, la falta de infraestructura adecuada y la complejidad operativa. Los hallazgos sugieren que estas tecnologías tienen un alto potencial, aunque requieren mejoras técnicas y condiciones favorables para su aplicación sostenible en contextos reales.
Palabras clave: generación de energía; energía limpia; tecnologías ecosostenibles; economía circular; revisión sistemática de la literatura.
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