FRACCIONES DE MATERIA ORGÁNICA Y RESERVAS DE CARBONO EN SUELOS BAJO DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE USO EN LOS BIOMAS CERRADO Y CAATINGA DE BRASIL

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v14i1.19999


Palabras clave:

agricultura; pastura; bosque nativo; uso de la tierra; semiárido.

Resumen

Los cambios en el uso del suelo pueden causar alteraciones en la dinámica del carbono y las fracciones de materia orgánica, especialmente en capas más profundas, que varían según el bioma. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de diferentes sistemas de uso del suelo en las reservas de carbono y las fracciones de materia orgánica en los biomas de Caatinga y Cerrado, en el estado de Piauí, Brasil. El experimento se realizó en áreas bajo tres usos (vegetación nativa, pastura y agricultura), con colecciones de suelo a siete profundidades (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-60, 60-80 y 80-100 cm), totalizando 126 unidades de muestreo. Se determinaron los contenidos de materia orgánica del suelo (MOS), carbono orgánico total (COT), reserva de carbono (CE), materia orgánica particulada (MOP), carbono MOP (MOP-C) y carbono asociado a minerales (M-C). Se observó que los niveles de MOP fueron significativamente mayores en las capas superficiales, con mayor acumulación en las áreas de pastura en el Cerrado. Las reservas de carbono en las zonas de pastoreo y agricultura no difirieron de las de las áreas de vegetación nativa en ambos biomas, lo que indica una baja degradación. Sin embargo, los biomas mostraron respuestas distintas al uso agrícola, lo que evidencia la necesidad de una gestión específica para mantener las reservas de carbono y la calidad del suelo.

Referencias

ALVARES, C. A.; STAPE, J. L.; SENTELHAS, P. C.; GONÇALVES, J. D. M.; SPAROVEK, G. Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, v. 22, n. 6, p. 711-728, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507

ASSMANN, J. M.; ANGHINONI, I.; MARTINS, A. P.; COSTA, S. E. V. G. A.; CECAGNO, D.; CARLOS, F. S.; CARVALHO, P. C. F. Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and fractions in a long-term integrated crop livestock system under no-tillage in southern Brazil. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, v. 190, n. 1, p. 52-59, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.12.003

BAI, Y.; COTRUFO, M. F. Grassland soil carbon sequestration: Current understanding, challenges, and solutions. Science, v. 377, n. 6606, p. 603-608, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo2380

BLAIR, G.; LEFROY, R. D. B.; LISLE, L. Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation, and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, v. 46, n. 7, p. 1459-1466, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AR9951459

CABALLERO, C. B.; BIGGS, T. W.; VERGOPOLAN, N.; WEST, T. A.; RUHOFF, A. Transformation of Brazil's biomes: The dynamics and fate of agriculture and pasture expansion into native vegetation. Science of the Total Environment, v. 896, e166323, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166323

CAMBARDELLA, C. A.; ELLIOTT, E. T. Particulate soil organic-matter changes across a grassland cultivation sequence. Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 56, p. 777-783, 1992. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssa j1992.03615995005600030017x

CARMO, F. F.; FIGUEIREDO, C. C.; RAMOS, M. L. G.; VIVALDI, L. J.; ARAÚJO, L. G. Frações granulométricas da matéria orgânica em Latossolo sob plantio direto com gramíneas. Bioscience Journal, v. 28, n. 3, p. 420-431, 2012.

COTRUFO, M. F.; LAVALLEE, J. M. Soil organic matter formation, persistence, and functioning: A synthesis of current understanding to inform its conservation and regeneration. Advances in Agronomy, v. 172, p. 1-66, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2021.11.002

COSTA, A. A.; DIAS, B. D. O.; FRAGA, V. D. S.; SANTANA, C. C.; SAMPAIO, T. F.; SILVA, N. D. Physical fractionation of organic carbon in areas under different land uses in the Cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v. 24, n. 8, p. 534-540, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n8p534-540

COSTA, N. R.; ANDREOTTI, M.; KENY, S. M. L.; YOKOBATAKE, K. L.; FERREIRA, J. P.; PARIZ, C. M.; BONINI, C. S. B.; LONGHINI, V. Z. Atributos do Solo e Acúmulo de Carbono na Integração Lavoura-Pecuária em Sistema de Plantio Direto. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 39, n. 3, p. 852-863, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140269

DENARDIN, R. B. N.; KOCHHANN, R. A.; CARGNELUTTI FILHO, A.; PAULETTO, E. A.; PINTO, L. F. S.; LIMA, J. E. F. W. Estoque de carbono no solo sob diferentes formações florestais, Chapecó - SC. Ciência Florestal, v. 24, n. 1, p. 59-69, 2014.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509813323

ELLERT, B. H.; BETTANY, J. R. Calculation of organic matter and nutrients stored in soils under contrasting management regimes. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, v. 75, n. 4, p. 529-538, 1995. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-075

FALCÃO, K. S.; MONTEIRO, F. N.; OZÓRIO, J. M. B.; SILVA SOUZA, C. B.; FARIAS, P. G. S.; MENEZES, R. S.; PANACHUKI, E.; ROSSET, J. S. Estoque de carbono e agregação do solo sob diferentes sistemas de uso no Cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais, v. 55, n. 2, p. 242-255, 2020. https://dx.doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-947820200695

FERREIRA, E. A. B.; BUSTAMANTE, M. M. C.; RESCK, D. V. S.; FIGUEIREDO, C. C.; PINTO, A. S.; MALAQUIAS, J. V. Carbon Stocks in Compartments of Soil Organic Matter 31 Years after Substitution of Native Cerrado Vegetation by Agroecosystems. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 40, e0150059, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20150059

FERREIRA, C. R.; SILVA NETO, E. C.; PEREIRA, M. G.; GUEDES, J. N.; ROSSET, J. S.; ANJOS, L. H. C. Dynamics of soil aggregation and organic carbon fractions over 23 years of no-till management. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 198, e104533, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104533

FREITAS, L.; OLIVEIRA, I. A.; CASAGRANDE, J. C.; SILVA, L. S.; CAMPOS, M. C. C. Estoque de carbono de latossolos em sistemas de manejo natural e alterado. Ciência Florestal, v. 28, n. 1, p. 228-239, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509831575

GOWTHAMCHAND, S. S. D.; DHALIWAL, S. S.; SHARMA, V.; VERMA, G.; SINGH, J.; KAUR, M. Variation of physico-chemical properties among different soil orders under different land use systems of the Majha Region in North-Western India. Sustainability, v. 15, n. 6, e4479, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064779

GUERRINI. I. A.; SILVA, J. P. da; SIVISACA, D. C. L.; MORAES, F. G. de; PUGLLA, C. A. Y.; SILVA NETO, C. de M.; SILVA, R. B.; JUSTINO, S. T. P.; RODER, L. R.; JAMES, J. N.; CAPRA, G. F.; GANGA, A. Evaluating carbon stocks in soils of fragmented Brazilian Atlantic Forests (BAF) based on soil features and different methodologies. Scientific Reports, v. 14, n. 1, e10007, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60629-y

GUIMARÃES, D. V.; SILVA, M. L. N.; BEINIACH, A.; BISPO, D. F. A.; CONTINS, J. G. P.; CURI N. Relationship between soil organic matter fractions and cover plants in Olive post planing. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 40, n. 6, a027, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452018027

HU, Z.; SONG, X.; WANG, M.; MA, J.; ZHANG, Y.; XU, H.; HU, Z.; ZHU, X.; LIU, H.; MA, J.; YU, Q.; OSTLE, N. J.; LI, Y.; YUE, C. Aridity influences root versus shoot contributions to steppe grassland soil carbon stock and its stability. Geoderma, v. 413, e115744, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115744

PINHEIRO JUNIOR, C. R.; FERREIRA, T. O.; OLIVEIRA FILHO, J. S.; QUEIROZ, H. M.; CANISARES, L. P.; GRESCHUK, L. T.; CERRI, C. E. P.; PEREIRA, M. G.; PEREIRA, G. A. G.; CHERUBIN, M. R. Shallow soils in dryland ecosystems: Drivers of C accumulation and land management implications. Geoderma Regional, v. 38, e00849, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00849

LAL, R. Digging deeper: A holistic perspective of factors affecting soil organic carbon sequestration in agroecosystems. Global Change Biology, v. 24, n. 8, p. 3285-3301, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14054

LOPES, G. T.; ROSSET, J. S.; OZÓRIO, J. M. B.; SILVA, O. M. M. D.; SANTOS, W. V. D.; SANTOS, J. V. H. D.; GONÇALVES, A. S.; PANACHUKI, E. Influence of land use and occupation on the chemical and physical fractions of organic matter in cultivated and native areas in the Atlantic Forest biome. Ambiente e Água, v. 17, n. 5, e2814, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2814

MAIA, S. M. F.; MEDEIROS, A. S.; SANTOS, T. C.; LYRA, G. B.; LAL, R.; ASSAD, E. D.; CERRI, C. E. P. Potential of no-till agriculture as a nature-based solution for climate-change mitigation in Brazil. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 220, e105368, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2022.105368

MAFRA, M. S. H.; CASSOL, P. C.; ALBUQUERQUE, J. A.; GROSKOPF, M. A.; ANDRADE, A. P.; RAUBER, L. P.; FRIEDERICHS, A. Organic carbon contents and stocks in particle size fractions of a typic hapludox fertilized with pig slurry and soluble fertilizer. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 39, n. 4, p. 1161-1171, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140177

MEDEIROS, A. S.; CESÁRIO, F. V.; SANTOS, T. C.; MAIA, S. M. F. Differences in the storage of soil organic carbon in Brazil’s agricultural land: A meta-analysis. Catena, v. 249, e108680, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.108680

MEDEIROS, A S.; SANTOS, T. C.; MAIA, S. M. F. Effect of long-term and soil depth on soil organic carbon stocks after conversion from native vegetation to conventional tillage systems in Brazil. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 219, e105336, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2022.105336

MYERS, N. MITTERMEIER, R. A.; MITTERMEIER, C. G.; FONSECA, G. A. B.; KENT, J. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, v. 403, p. 853-858, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501

OLIVEIRA FILHO, J. S. How do climate and land-use affect soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and the chemical properties of floodplain soils in tropical drylands? Catena, v. 231, e107289, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107289

PINHEIRO, E. N.; CAMPOS, M. C. C.; BRITO FILHO, E. G.; CUNHA, J. M.; LIMA, A. F. L.; MARTINS, T. S.; DIAS, B. O.; SILVA, R. F.; ALMEIDA, R. G.; SANTOS, R. V. Fracionamento físico do carbono e suas interações com os atributos do solo em áreas de pastagens cultivadas e floresta na Amazônia Ocidental. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física, v. 16, n. 6, p. 2978-2993, 2023. https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v16.6.p2978-2993

R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2025. Available from: https://www.r-project.org/. Accessed at 2025 Mar. 26.

SALES, L. E. O.; CARNEIRO, M. A. C.; SEVERIANO, E. C.; OLIVEIRA, G. C.; FERREIRA, M. M. Qualidade física de neossolo quartzarênico submetido a diferentes sistemas de uso agrícola. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, v. 34, n. 3, p. 667-674, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542010000300020

SANTOS, C. A.; REZENDE, C. D. P.; PINHEIRO, É. F. M.; PEREIRA, J. M.; ALVES, B. J.; URQUIAGA, S.; BODDEY, R. M. Changes in soil carbon stocks after land-use change from native vegetation to pastures in the Atlantic Forest region of Brazil. Geoderma, v. 337, p. 394-401, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.045

SANTOS, H. G.; JACOMINE, P. K. T.; ANJOS, L. H. C.; OLIVEIRA, V. A.; LUMBRERAS, J. F.; COELHO, M. R.; ALMEIDA, J. A.; ARAUJO FILHO, J. C.; OLIVEIRA, J. B.; CUNHA, T. J. F. Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. 5th ed. Brasília: Embrapa; 2018. 355p.

SANTOS, F. A. S.; PIERANGELI, M. A. P.; SILVA, F. L.; SERAFIM, M. E.; SOUSA, J. B.; OLIVEIRA, E. B. Dinâmica do carbono orgânico de solos sob pastagens em campos de murundus. Scientia Agraria, v. 18, n. 2, e43, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rsa.v18i2.50662

SANTOS, S. C. D.; BRITO, H. C. D.; RUFINO, I. A. A.; MAIA, S. M. F. Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Due to Land Use Changes in the Extended São Francisco River Basin. Sociedade & Natureza, v. 36, n. 1, e69655, 2023. https://doi.org/10.14393/SN-v36-2024-69655

SOLOMON, N.; GUFI, Y.; GEBRU, H.; ARAYA, T.; BIRHANE, E. Impact of Vachellia etbaica on soil properties and socioeconomic benefits in Tigray, Ethiopia. Agroforest Systems, v. 99, n. 78, a78, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-025-01173-0

TAUTGES, N. E.; CHIARTAS, J. L.; GAUDIN, A. C. M.; O'GEEN, A. T.; HERRERA, I.; SCOW, K. M. Deep soil inventories reveal that impacts of cover crops and compost on soil carbon sequestration differ in surface and subsurface soils. Global Change Biology, v. 25, n. 11, p. 3753-66, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14762

TEIXEIRA, P. C.; DONAGEMMA, G. K.; FONTANA, A.; TEIXEIRA, W. G. Manual de métodos de análise de solo. 3rd ed. Brasília: Embrapa, 2017. 574p.

TENELLI, S.; NASCIMENTO, A. F.; GRABETTO, F. P.; PIMENTEL, M. L.; STRAUSS, M.; BORDONAL, R. O.; CERRI, C. E. P.; CHERUBIN, M. R.; CARVALHO, J. L. N. Well-managed grass is a key strategy for carbon storage and stabilization in anthropized Amazon soils. Journal of Environmental Management, v. 373, e123742, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123742

VIEIRA, F. C. B.; BAYER, C.; ZANATTA, J. A.; DIECKOW, J.; MIELNICZUK, J.; HE, Z. L. Carbon management index based on physical fractionation of soil organic matter in an Acrisol under long-term no-till cropping systems. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 96, n. 1-2, p. 195-204, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.007

WANG, H.; LI, Y.; HE, Y.; CHEN, H. Y.; LIU, X.; GAO, Y.; ZHU, W.; XU, J.; LI, Y.; CHEN, Z.; SUN. Grazing exclusion facilitates more rapid ecosystem carbon sequestration of degraded grasslands in humid than in arid regions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, v. 353, e108553, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108553

WANG, K.; MA, Z.; QIN, W.; LI, X.; SHI, H.; HASI, B.; LIU, X. Soil nutrients and pH modulate carbon dynamics in particulate and mineral-associated organic matter during restoration of a Tibetan alpine grassland. Ecological Engineering, v. 212, e107522, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107522

YANG, F.; HE, F.; LI, S.; LI, M.; WU, P. A new estimation of carbon emissions from land use and land cover change in China over the past 300 years. Science of the Total Environment, v. 863, e160963, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160963

YEOMANS, J. C.; BREMNER, J. M. A rapid and precise method for routine determination of organic carbon in soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, v. 19, n. 13, p. 1467-1476, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628809368027

ZANATTA, J. A.; BAYER, C.; DIECKOW, J.; VIEIRA, F. C. B.; MIELNICZUK, J. Soil organic carbon accumulation and carbon costs related to tillage, cropping systems and nitrogen fertilization in a subtropical Acrisol. Soil and Tillage Research, v. 94, n. 2, p. 510-519, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.003

Publicado

2026-02-10

Número

Sección

Agronomia / Agronomy

Cómo citar

FRACCIONES DE MATERIA ORGÁNICA Y RESERVAS DE CARBONO EN SUELOS BAJO DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE USO EN LOS BIOMAS CERRADO Y CAATINGA DE BRASIL. (2026). Nativa, 14(1), e19999. https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v14i1.19999