GLOBAL FUNGAL CONSERVATION: STRATEGIES, CASE STUDIES, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31413/Palavras-chave:
fungal diversity, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, in-situ conservation, Hericium erinaceus culture, banks and laboratories, Amanita caesareaResumo
Conservação global de fungos: estratégias, estudos de caso e perspetivas futuras
RESUMO: Os fungos são componentes dos ecossistemas, contribuindo para a ciclagem de nutrientes, a decomposição e as interações simbióticas com as plantas. Apesar da sua importância ecológica, económica e medicinal, a conservação dos fungos tem sido historicamente negligenciada em comparação com a das plantas e dos animais. Esta revisão analisa a diversidade de fungos, as ameaças que enfrentam, incluindo a destruição de habitats, a sobre-exploração, as alterações climáticas e as espécies invasoras, e os métodos desenvolvidos para a sua preservação. Tanto as estratégias in-situ, como a protecção dos habitats, a recolha regulamentada e a monitorização ambiental, como as abordagens ex-situ, incluindo a criopreservação, a liofilização e as recolhas de culturas, são examinadas por meio de estudos de caso globais. Exemplos notáveis incluem os esforços de conservação no Egito, que integram investigação científica, envolvimento comunitário e enquadramentos legais, e a manutenção de espécimes fúngicos em importantes coleções internacionais de culturas. Estudos de caso adicionais da região do Mediterrâneo destacam a importância de preservar os habitats naturais para sustentar a diversidade funcional dos fungos. Além disso, o papel da educação, da cultura e das iniciativas de base comunitária, particularmente no Médio Oriente e no Norte de África, demonstra que a conservação eficaz dos fungos exige a sensibilização da sociedade, para além de medidas técnicas. Em conjunto, estes exemplos ilustram que uma combinação de abordagens ecológicas, institucionais e culturais é essencial para a preservação a longo prazo da biodiversidade fúngica e para a estabilidade dos ecossistemas.
Palavras-chave: diversidade fúngica; Ophiocordyceps sinensis; conservação in-situ; cultivo de Hericium erinaceus; bancos e laboratórios; Amanita caesarea.
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