SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES INTEGRATION INTO EDUCATIONAL CURRICULA: IMPLICATIONS AND PROSPECTS

Autores

  • Zhanna Cherniakova docent12345@ukr.net
    Department of Pedagogy, Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A. S. Makarenko, Sumy, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-9388
  • Iryna Barbashova docent12345@ukr.net
    Department of Primary and Special Education, Faculty of Social, Pedagogical and Artistic Education, Bohdan Khmelnytsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Zaporizhia, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-4115
  • Ruslan Kosenko docent12345@ukr.net
    Department of Human Biology, Chemistry and Methods of Teaching Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A. S. Makarenko, Sumy, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2104-5039
  • Inna Koreneva docent12345@ukr.net
    Department of Theory and Methods of Teaching Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Physical and Mathematical Education, Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Hlukhiv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-7624
  • Hanna Kuzmenko docent12345@ukr.net
    Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0672-7633

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v13i2.19448


Palavras-chave:

environmental education, critical thinking, education for sustainable development, educational program, training of future teachers, social responsibility, sustainable development

Resumo

A educação desempenha um papel fundamental na formação de uma sociedade capaz de alcançar um desenvolvimento sustentável. Os Objectivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Objectivos Globais), adoptados pela ONU em 2015, prevêem a implementação de um plano ambicioso para ultrapassar os principais problemas da humanidade até 2030. A consecução dos Objectivos exige um equilíbrio entre as componentes económica, social e ambiental. Por conseguinte, a aplicação dos princípios básicos do desenvolvimento sustentável (DS) na educação para o desenvolvimento efetivo da humanidade é um problema urgente, tanto teórico como prático. Afinal, é graças à educação que se forma a personalidade de uma pessoa, os seus laços sociais, a compreensão de si própria e do seu lugar na sociedade, e se realiza pessoal e profissionalmente.  O artigo tem como objetivo destacar os desenvolvimentos científicos teóricos relacionados com as questões do DS e as suas especificidades na esfera educativa, bem como os passos práticos relacionados com a implementação dos objectivos e princípios do DS, integrando-os no processo educativo e nos programas educativos. O objeto de estudo foram trabalhos científicos relacionados com o desenvolvimento sustentável, documentos que contêm uma descrição e interpretação do conceito de DS, a sua necessidade e formas de implementação. A atenção centra-se em casos práticos, em particular no exemplo da Grã-Bretanha e da Alemanha. A escolha dos países deve-se, em primeiro lugar, às suas tradições educativas de longa data, em segundo lugar, à implementação do DS a nível estatal, abrangendo todas as esferas da sociedade, que é o que o DS exige, em terceiro lugar, à importância destes países para a Ucrânia no decurso da guerra russo-ucraniana. A base metodológica da investigação é constituída pelos métodos de análise da literatura, o método de análise e síntese, o método estrutural-funcional e os estudos de caso. Em muitos países do mundo, a partir de 2015, iniciou-se um processo de transformação global nas instituições educativas de todos os níveis de ensino, de acordo com os Objectivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e tendo em conta as tradições locais, os recursos humanos, as capacidades técnicas e tecnológicas e as políticas nacionais. Exemplos de implementação bem sucedida dos princípios do DS na esfera educacional, em particular, através da integração das metas e objectivos do DS nos programas educacionais e da sua implementação prática, combinando conhecimento teórico e casos práticos, são a Grã-Bretanha e a Alemanha. Uma condição importante para alcançar os objectivos do DS é a política do Estado. Em particular, na Grã-Bretanha e na Alemanha, foram desenvolvidas estratégias e plataformas relevantes; está em curso uma cooperação internacional ativa; estão a ser introduzidos métodos inovadores de aprendizagem e ensino; estão a ser envolvidos o Estado, as estruturas empresariais, as organizações da sociedade civil, etc. Entre os desafios gerais, podemos destacar: a sistematicidade na transformação da educação, a sua compreensão não como uma forma de transferência e aquisição passiva de conhecimentos, mas a sua construção e utilização criativa para resolver problemas; a integração da educação em todas as esferas da sociedade; a interação entre o ambiente educativo, as autoridades, a sociedade civil, a nível individual; o desenvolvimento de capacidades de pensamento crítico, de consciência ambiental, de responsabilidade social; disponibilidade de um número suficiente de professores que sejam, eles próprios, portadores brilhantes dos valores do desenvolvimento sustentável e dos seus efeitos para os que procuram educação; apoio das autoridades competentes e apoio material, técnico, tecnológico e financeiro; uma abordagem sistemática do planeamento, da aplicação e do acompanhamento de todas as formas de educação; motivação dos que procuram educação para uma posição de vida ativa, o desejo de viver numa sociedade democrática e num mundo ambientalmente seguro; abordagens interdisciplinares na combinação de disciplinas académicas. Tendo em conta a situação geopolítica, pode afirmar-se que é evidentemente difícil atingir os objectivos de desenvolvimento sustentável até 2030, como inicialmente previsto. No entanto, a humanidade não tem atualmente qualquer alternativa, pelo que a transição para a filosofia do DS, de acordo com os seus objectivos e princípios no domínio da educação, continua a ser uma das condições para a sobrevivência da humanidade nesta fase de desenvolvimento.

Palavras-chave: educação ambiental; pensamento crítico; educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável; programa educativo; formação de futuros professores; responsabilidade social; desenvolvimento sustentável.

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2025-06-20

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Ciências Ambientais / Environmental Sciences

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES INTEGRATION INTO EDUCATIONAL CURRICULA: IMPLICATIONS AND PROSPECTS. (2025). Nativa, 13(2), 330-339. https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v13i2.19448