SUPERABSORBENT POLYMERS AND SANITARY SEWAGE CHANGE WATER AVAILABILITY DURING THE COWPEA EMERGENCE PHASE
DOI:
10.31413/nat.v12i1.16922Palavras-chave:
available water, germination, hydrogel, sowing, wastewaterResumo
ABSTRACT: Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) enhance water retention and facilitate seed emergence, though studies predominantly use high-quality water, neglecting SAP performance with alternative sources like sanitary sewage. Addressing the imperative to reduce fresh water demand, especially in water-scarce regions, SAP and sanitary sewage emerge as potential agricultural alternatives, partially fulfilling crop water and nutritional needs. This study assessed the impact of SAP and synthetic sanitary sewage (SSS) on substrate attributes and cowpea emergence in a randomized factorial design (8 x 2), incorporating varying SAP doses (0–0.14%) and hydration sources (SSS and distilled water). Cowpea was cultivated in polystyrene trays under controlled conditions. While SAP and SSS augmented water retention, total dissolved solids, pH, and electrical conductivity (ECse) also increased. Increased ECse negatively affected cowpea germination, emergence speed index (ESI), and time to 50% emergence. In conclusion, applying SAP near cowpea seeds impeded emergence, warranting the exploration of alternative strategies. Despite the rise in ECse, SSS demonstrated benefits for germination, establishing itself as a viable water source for cowpea emergence. This study underscores the necessity for further research into SAP applications and recognizes synthetic sanitary sewage as a promising, water-conserving source for sustainable cowpea growth.
Keywords: available water; germination; hydrogel; sowing; wastewater.
Polímeros superabsorventes e esgoto sanitário alteram a disponibilidade hídrica na fase de emergência do feijão-caupi
RESUMO: Os polímeros superabsorventes (SAP) aumentam a retenção hídrica e emergência das sementes, embora estudos utilizem predominantemente água de boa qualidade, negligenciando o desempenho do SAP com fontes alternativas como o esgoto sanitário. Respondendo ao imperativo de reduzir o consumo de água doce, especialmente em regiões com escassez hídrica, SAP e esgoto sanitário surgem como potenciais alternativas agrícolas. Neste estudo avaliou-se SAP e esgoto sanitário sintético (SSS) nos atributos do substrato e na emergência do feijão-caupi em delineamento fatorial casualizado (8x2), incorporando diferentes doses de SAP (0–0,14%) e fontes hídricas (SSS e água destilada). Cultivou-se feijão-caupi em bandejas de poliestireno sob condições controladas. SAP e SSS aumentaram a retenção hídrica, total de sólidos dissolvidos, pH e condutividade elétrica (ECse). O aumento da ECse reduziu a germinação do feijão-caupi, velocidade de emergência e tempo para emergência de 50% das sementes. Conclui-se que o SAP aplicado próximo das sementes prejudica a emergência do feijão-caupi, justificando a exploração de estratégias alternativas. SSS demonstrou benefícios para a germinação, estabelecendo-se como fonte hídrica viável para emergência do feijão-caupi. Este estudo destaca a necessidade de maiores investigações sobre aplicações de SAP e reconhece SSS como fonte hídrica para o crescimento sustentável do feijão-caupi.
Palavras-chave: água disponível; germinação; hidrogel; semeadura; águas residuárias.
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