WOOD VINEGAR: CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS, AND IMPACTS ON GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
DOI:
10.31413/nativa.v10i3.14123Palavras-chave:
pyroligneous acid, biomass, pyrolysis, residues, cytotoxicityResumo
ABSTRACT: Wood vinegar has been used for over a century as a fertilizer and antimicrobial agent, but its impacts on ecosystems are poorly understood; further research is necessary to understand its chemical characteristics and avoid negative impacts. This study assessed the chemical characteristics, phytotoxicity, potential cytotoxicity, and greenhouse gas emissions of wood vinegar made from slow pyrolysis in a hot-tail kiln using cambara wood (Qualea sp.). Incubation experiments with varying concentrations of wood vinegar were established in samples of clayey, loamy, and sandy tropical soils, measuring CO2, N2O, and CH4 over a 120-day period. Toxic effects on the germination, root tips, and meristematic cells of Lactuca sativa were also assessed. The findings confirmed that wood vinegar can function as a chemical fertilizer and pesticide, as well as a co-solvent for chemicals, particularly in agricultural and pharmaceutical applications, while the phytotoxicity indicated that this substance must be diluted for agricultural uses. Wood vinegar was seen to inhibit CO2 and N2O emissions from loamy and clayey soils, but this effect was not observed in sandy soil. Wood vinegar also blocked cell division in some dilutions, but at concentrations of less than 0.5% it did not present a potential risk to the environment or plants in general.
Keywords: pyroligneous acid; biomass; pyrolysis; residues; cytotoxicity.
Vinagre de madeira: características químicas, efeitos fitotóxicos e impactos nas emissões de gases
RESUMO: O vinagre de madeira é usado há mais de um século como fertilizante e agente antimicrobiano, mas seus impactos nos ecossistemas são pouco conhecidos; pesquisas são necessárias para entender suas características e evitar impactos negativos. Este estudo avaliou as características químicas, fitotoxicidade, potencial citotoxicidade e emissões de gases do vinagre de madeira obtido a partir de pirólise lenta em forno de cauda quente utilizando madeira de cambará (Qualea sp.). Experimentos de incubação com concentrações variadas do vinagre foram estabelecidos em amostras de solos tropicais argilosos, textura média e arenosos, medindo CO2, N2O e CH4 durante 120 dias. Efeitos tóxicos no modelo Lactuca sativa também foram avaliados. Os resultados confirmaram que o vinagre de madeira pode funcionar como fertilizante químico e pesticida, bem como um co-solvente para produtos químicos, principalmente em aplicações agrícolas e farmacêuticas, enquanto a fitotoxicidade indicou que essa substância deve ser diluída para uso agrícola. O vinagre de madeira parece inibir as emissões de CO2 e N2O de solos argilosos e argilosos, mas esse efeito não foi observado em solo arenoso. O vinagre de madeira também bloqueou a divisão celular em algumas diluições, mas em concentrações inferiores a 0,5% não apresentou risco potencial ao meio ambiente ou às plantas em geral.
Palavras-chave: ácido pirolenhoso; biomassa; pirólise; resíduos; citotoxicidade.
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