INFLUÊNCIA DO TRÁFEGO DE VEÍCULOS NO TEOR DE ALUMÍNIO E METAIS PESADOS EM INFUSÃO DE MACELA (Achyrocline satureioides Lam DC.)
DOI:
10.31413/nativa.v7i6.7746Resumo
Registros etnofarmacológicos indicam diversas propriedades terapêuticas atribuídas à decocção das inflorescências de macela, como, por exemplo, eficaz no combate a alta pressão arterial e alto colesterol, cólicas de origem nervosa, para limpeza de feridas, diarréia, como anti-inflamatória e distúrbios gastrointestinais. A macela na sexta-feira Santa é coletada próximo a rodovias e pode aumentar o risco de contaminação humana com metais pesados. Os metais Cd, Cu, Pb e Zn são liberados durante as diferentes operações de transporte rodoviário, tais como a combustão, desgaste dos pneus, vazamento de óleos, desgaste de pastilhas e discos de frenagem, radiadores, etc. O presente estudo tinha como objetivo quantificar os teores de Al e de metais pesados como, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn na infusão de macela coleta em locais com influência de tráfego rodoviário. As flores de macela foram coletadas as margens das rodovias BR- 282; SC- 390 e SC- 114 e respectivas áreas testemunhas (sem tráfego), separadas dos ramos e secas em estufa de circulação a 65ºC. O processo de infusão foi realizado segundo protocolo de Anderson (1999), sendo que, a quantificação de Al, Cu, Mn, Ni e Zn em ICP-OES e Pb em HR-CS AAS. Em média as infusões das amostras de macela coletadas as margens da BR 282 apresentaram os maiores teores de Al, Cu, Ni, Mn e Zn. Não houve diferença estatística entre teores de Pb em macelas coletadas nas diferentes rodovias e as testemunhas. O consumo de chá de macela coletada próximo a rodovias pode resultar em risco a saúde humana.
Palavras-chave: chá; elementos tóxicos; tráfego rodoviário.
INFLUENCE OF VEHICLE TRAFFIC IN AL AND HEAVY METALS IN MACELA INFUSION (Achyrocline satureioides Lam DC.)
ABSTRACT: Ethnopharmacological records indicate several therapeutic properties attributed to the decoction of macela inflorescences, such as, for example, effective in combating high blood pressure and high cholesterol, cramps of nervous origin, for wound cleaning, diarrhea, as well as anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal disorders. The macela on Good Friday is collected near highways and may increase the risk of human contamination with heavy metals. The Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn metals are released during different road transport operations, such as combustion, tire wear, oil leakage, wear of brake pads and discs, radiators, etc. The objective of this study was to quantify the levels of Al and heavy metals such as Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the infusion of macela collected at sites influenced by road traffic. The macela flowers were collected along the margins of the BR-282 highways; SC-390 and SC-114 and their control areas (without traffic), separated from the branches and dried in a circulation oven at 65ºC. The infusion process was performed according to Anderson's protocol (1999), and quantification of Al, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn in ICP-OES and Pb in HR-CS AAS. On average the infusions of the macela samples collected at the borders of BR 282 presented the highest levels of Al, Cu, Ni, Mn and Zn. There was no statistical difference between Pb contents in the macela collected on the different highways and the witnesses. The consumption of macela tea collected near highways can result in a risk to human health.
Keywords: tea; toxic elements; road traffic.
Referências
AKBAR, K. F.; HEADLEY, A. D.; HALE, W. H. G.; ATHAR, M. Heavy metal contamination of roadside soils of Northern England. Soil and Water Research, v. 1, n. 4, p. 158-163, 2006.
AKISUE, M. K. Análise do óleo essencial de Achyrocline satureioides DC. Compositae. Revista Farmácia Bioquímica Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, v. 9, p. 107- 114, 1971.
AMARANTE, C. B.; SILVA, F. C.; MULLER, C. S.; MULLER, A. H. Avaliação da composição mineral do chá da folha senescente de Montrichardia linifera (arruda) schott (Araceae) por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (faas). Revistas Quim. Nova, v. 34, n. 3, p. 419-423, 2011.
ANDERSON, K. A. Analytical techniques for inorganic contaminants. Gaithersburg: AOAC International, 1999. 316 p.
ARSLAN, H.; GIZIR, A. M. Heavy-metal content of roadside soil in Mersin, Turkey. Fresenius Environ Bulletin, v. 15, p. 15–20, 2006.
ASCHNER, M.; GUILARTE, T. R.; SCHNEIDER, J. S.; ZHENG, W. Manganese: recent advances in understanding its transport and neurotoxicity. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, San Diego, v. 221, n. 2, p. 131–147, 2007. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2007.03.001
BAKER, J. M.; OCHSNER, T. E.; VENTEREA, R. T.; GRIFFIS, T. J. Tillage and soil carbon sequestration – What do we really know? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 118, p. 1–5, 2007. DOI: 10.17221/66/2016-PSE
BARBOSA, A. E.; HVITVED-JACOBSEN, T. Highway runoff and potential for removal of heavy metals in an infiltration pond in Portugal. Science Total Environment, v. 235, n. 1-3, p. 151-159, 1999. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00208-9
BOHLMANN, F.; BURKHARDT, T.; ZDERO, C. Naturally Occurring Acetylenes. Academic Press: London, 1973. 547 p.
BRANDELLI, C. L. C.; GIORDANI, R. B.; DE CARLI, G. A.; TASCA, T. Indigenous traditional medicine: in vitro anti-giardial activity of plants used in the treatment of diarrea. Parasitology Research, Berlin v. 104, n. 6, p. 1345-1349, 2009. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1330-3
BRASIL_MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE. Portaria n.º 2.914, de 12 de Dezembro de 2011. Dispõe sobre normas de potabilidade de água para o consumo humano. Brasília: SVS, 2011.
BROUSSALIS A. M.; FERRARO, G. E.; GURNI, A.; COUSSIO, J. D. Phenolic constituents of four Achyrocline species. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, Oxford, v. 16, p. 401-402, 1988.
BROWN, M. J.; MARGOLIS, S. Lead in Drinking Water and Human Blood Lead Levels in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, v. 61, n. 4, p. 1-9, 2012.
CEMPEL, M.; NIKEL, G. Nickel: a review of its sources and environmental toxicology. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, v. 15, n. 3, p. 375–382, 2006.
DIÁRIO CATARINENSE. Catarinenses seguem a tradição de colher a macela na Sexta-feira Santa. 2013. Disponível em: <http://dc.clicrbs.com.br/sc/noticias/noticia/2013/03/catarinenses-seguem-a-tradicao-de-colher-a-macela-na-sexta-feira-santa-4090143.html>. Acesso em: 27 outubro 2018.
DOLAN, M. S.; CLAPP, C. E.; ALLMARAS, R. R.; BAKER, J. M.; MOLINA, J. A. E. Soil organic nitrogen in a Minnesota soil as related to tillage, residue, and nitrogen management. Soil Tillage Research, v. 89, p. 221–231, 2006.
FERRARO, G. E.; NORBEDO, C.; COUSSIO, J. D. Polyphenols from Achyrocline satureioides. Phytochemistry, Oxford, v. 20, n. 8, p. 2053-2054, 1981. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84074-5
FIORINI, L. S. Dossiê: Os minerais na alimentação. Rev-fi, Food Ingredients Brasil. n. 4, 2008. Disponivél em: < http://www.revista-fi.com/materias/52.pdf> Acesso em 22 de outubro de 2019.
FLATEN, T. Aluminium in tea – concentrations, speciation and bioavailability. Coordination chemistry reviews, Amsterdam, v. 228, n. 2, p. 385-395, 2002. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0010-8545(02)00036-X
HJORTENKRANS, D. S. T.; BERGBÄCK, B. G.; HÄGGERUD, A. V. Metal emissions from brake linings and tires: Case studies of Stockholm, Sweden 1995/1998 and 2005. Environmental Science Technology, Easton, v. 41, n. 15, p. 5224-5230, 2007. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es070198o
HONG, N.; ZHU, P.; LIU, A.; ZHAO, X.; GUAN, Y. Using an innovative flag element ratio approach to tracking potential sources of heavy metals on urban road surfaces. Environmental Pollution, Barking v. 243, p. 410-417, 2018. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.098
JIN, I. W.; HE, F. Y.; ZHANG, K.; ZHOU, G. D.; SHIL, L. J.; ZHENG, S. J. Lead contamination in tea leaves and non-edaphic factors affecting it. Chemosphere, Oxford, v. 61, n. 5, p. 726-732, 2005. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.053
KALAVROUZIOTIS, I. K.; CARTER, J.; VARNAVAS, S. P.; MEHRA, A.; DRAKATOS, P. A. Towards an understanding of the effect of road pollution on adjacent food crops: zea mays as an example. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, Geneva, v. 30, n. 3-4, 2007. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2007.014830
KARAK, T.; BHAGAT, R. M. Trace elements in tea leaves, made tea and tea infusion: a review. Food Research International, Barking, v. 43, n. 9, p. 2234–2252, 2010. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.08.010
KOCH, V. Estudo Etnobotânico das Plantas Medicinais na Cultura Ítalobrasileira no Rio Grande do Sul – Um Modelo Para o Cultivo Comercial na Agricultura Familiar. 2000. 152f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2000.
LAMATY, G.; BÈSSIERE, J. M.; SCHENKEL, E. P.; SANTOS, M.; BASSANI, V. L. The chemical composition of some Achyrocline satureioides and Achyrocline alata oils from Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Essential Oil Research, v. 3, n. 5, p. 317-332, 1991. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1991.9697951
LEE, J. Y.; KIM, H.; KIM, Y.; HAN, M. Y. Characteristics of the event mean concentration (EMC) from rainfall runoff on an urban highway. Environmental Pollution, Barking, v. 59, n. 4, p. 884-888, 2011. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.12.022
LOUGH, G. C.; CHAUER, J. J.; PARK, J. S.; SHAFER, S. M.; DEMINTER, J; WEINSTEIN, J. Emissions of metals associated with motor vehicle roadway. Environmental Science Technology, Easton, v. 39, n. 3, p. 826-836, 2005. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es048715f
MCKENZIE, E. R.; MONEY, J. E.; GREEN, P. G.; YOUNG, T. M. Metals associated with stormwater – relevant brake and tire samples. Science of The Total Environment, Amsterdam, v. 407, n. 22, p. 5855–5860, 2009. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.018
MONKS, P. S.; GRANIER, C.; FUZZI, S.; STOHL, A.; WILLIAMS, M.L.; AKIMOTO, H. Atmospheric composition change-global and regional air quality. Atmospheric Environment, Oxford, v. 43, n. 33, p. 5268-5350, 2009. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.021
NORDBERG G. F.; FOWLER, B.; NORDBERG, M. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. Third Edition. 2007. ISBN: 9780123973399
OLYMPIO, K. P. K.; OLIVEIRA, P. V.; NAOZUKA, J.; CARDOSO, M. R. A.; MARQUES, A. F.; GUNTHER, W. M. R.; BECHARA, E. J. H. Surface dental enamel lead levels and antisocial behavior in Brazilian adolescents. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Oxford, v. 32, n. 2, p. 273-279, 2010. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2009.12.003
PAGOTTO, C.; REMY, N.; LEGRET. M.; LE CLOIREC, P.; Heavy metal pollution of road dust and roadside soil near a major rural highway. Environmental Technology, London, v. 22, n. 3, p. 307-319, 2001. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593332208618280
PETROVICK, P. R.; ORTEGA, G.; BASSANI, V. L. From a medicinal plant to a pharmaceutical dosage form. A (still) long way for the Brazilian medicinal plants. Journal of the Brazilian Association Advancement Science, v. 49, p. 364-369, 1997.
PIRKER, H.; HASELMAIR, R.; KUHN, E.; SCHUNKO, C.; VOGL, C. R. Transformation of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants: the case of Tyroleans 135 (Austria) who migrated to Australia, Brazil and Peru. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, v. 8, n. 44, 2012. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-8-44
R CORE TEAM. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 2016. Disponível em://www.R-project.org/.
RITTER, M. R.; SOBIERAJSKI, G. R.; SCHENKEL, E. P.; MENTH, L. A. Plantas usadas como medicinais no município de Ipê, RS, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, Maringá, v. 12, n. 2, p. 51-62, 2002. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2002000200001
SANTA CATARINA 24 HORAS. BR 282: Um sonho de 200 anos. Disponível em:<http://www.santacatarina24horas.com/colunas/opiniao/12758-br-282-um-sonho-de-200-anos.html>. Acesso em: 10 de outubro de 2018.
SIMÕES, C. M.; SCHENKEL, E. P.; BAUER, L.; LANGELOH, A. Pharmacological investigations on Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC, Compositae. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 22, n. 3, p. 281-293, 1988.
THORPE, A.; HARRISON, R. Sources and properties of non-exhaust particulate matter from road traffic: a review. Science of The Total Environment, Amsterdam, v. 400, n. 1-3, p. 270-282, 2008. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.007
USEPA. US. Environmental Protection Agency, 2017. EPA Integrated Risk Information System. Disponível em:<https://www.epa.gov/lead/learn-about-lead#exposure >Acesso em: 22 de outubro de 2019.
WARD, N. I. Multielement contamination of British motorway environments. Science of The Total Environment, Amsterdam, v. 93, p. 393–401, 1990. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90130-M
WERKENTHIN, M.; KLUGE, B.; WESSOLEK, G. Metals in European roadside soils and soil solution – A review. Environmental Pollution, Barking, v. 189, p. 98–110, 2014. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.02.025
WHO_WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Lead in drinking-water, background document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 2003.
IKENAKA, Y.; NAKAYAMA, S.; MUZANDU, K.; CHOONGO, K.; TERAOKA, H.; MIZUNO, N.; ISHIZUKA, M. Heavy metal contamination of soil and sediment in Zambia. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, v. 4, n. 11, p. 729-739. 2010. DOI: 10.5897/AJEST10.179
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Direitos Autorais para artigos publicados nesta revista são do autor, com direitos de primeira publicação para a revista. Em virtude de a aparecerem nesta revista de acesso público, os artigos são de uso gratuito, com atribuições próprias, em aplicações educacionais e não-comerciais.
A artigos publicados nessa revista, podem ser reproduzidos parcialmente ou utilizados como referência por outros autores, desde que seja cita a fonte, ou seja, a Revista Nativa.
Copyright for articles published in this journal are the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. The journal shows open access, and articles are free to use, with proper attribution, in educational and non-commercial.
The articles published in this journal may be reproduced in part or used as a reference by other authors, provided that the source is quoted.