IMPACT OF CONTRACT FARMING ON SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ INCOME AND FOOD SECURITY IN MOZAMBIQUE. A REVIEW
DOI:
10.31413/nat.v12i3.17477Palavras-chave:
out-grower schemes, inclusive business models, market failuresResumo
Contract farming can potentially address agricultural market failures, especially in developing countries. However, the debate on how smallholder farmers benefit and the circumstances under which such benefits can be achieved seems to be far from reaching a consensus. This review aimed to analyze the impact of contract farming on smallholder farmers’ income and food security in Mozambique using a systematic literature review protocol. The results show that the literature analyzing such relationships is limited. However, contract farming has the potential to increase income, but the nature of the contract, the actors involved, and the crops under the contract appear to be the key determinants of contract farming outcomes. Furthermore, the results show positive selection trends between firms and farmers, making estimating the net effect of contract farming difficult. Concerning food security, the reviewed studies did not allow us to draw consistent conclusions regarding its relationship with contract farming. Therefore, we argue that further research on the impact of contract farming on smallholder farmers’ income and food security using consistent methodologies that consider selection bias is needed.
Keywords: out-grower schemes; inclusive business models; market failures.
Impacto da agricultura contratual na renda e na segurança alimentar dos pequenos produtores agrícolas em Moçambique. uma revisão de literatura
RESUMO: A agricultura contratual tem potencial para resolver falhas de mercados agrícolas, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Contudo, o debate sobre a forma como os pequenos agricultores beneficiam e as circunstâncias em que tais benefícios podem ser alcançados parece estar longe de chegar a um consenso. Esta revisão teve como objectivo analisar o impacto da agricultura contratual no rendimento e na segurança alimentar dos pequenos agricultores em Moçambique, utilizando um protocolo de revisão sistemática da literatura. Os resultados mostram que a literatura que analisa tais relações é limitada. No entanto, a agricultura contratual tem o potencial de aumentar os rendimentos, mas a natureza do contrato, os intervenientes envolvidos e as culturas sob contrato parecem ser os principais determinantes dos resultados da agricultura contratual. Além disso, os resultados mostram que existem tendências de selecção positiva entre empresas e agricultores, tornando difícil estimar o efeito líquido da agricultura contratual. No que diz respeito à segurança alimentar, os estudos revistos não nos permitiram tirar conclusões consistentes sobre a sua relação com a agricultura contratual. Argumentamos, portanto, que é necessária mais investigação sobre o impacto da agricultura contratual no rendimento e na segurança alimentar dos pequenos agricultores, utilizando metodologias consistentes que tenham em conta o potencial viés de seleção.
Palavras-chave: esquemas de fomento; modelos de negócio inclusivos; falhas de mercado.
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