AGRICULTURA ITINERANTE NA AMAZÔNIA: IMPORTÂNCIA, IMPACTOS E PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v12i3.17428
Palavras-chave:
corte-queima, floresta secundária, monitoramento ecológico, fogo, sustentabilidadeResumo
Este estudo objetivou evidenciar o papel, implicações, e o panorama futuro da agricultura itinerante na Amazônia. A agricultura é uma prática milenar, amplamente utilizada na região, que consiste na rotatividade de áreas de cultivo, intercalando o plantio de espécies agrícolas com a regeneração natural, sendo fundamental à sobrevivência das populações rurais amazônicas. No entanto, o processo de corte-queima resulta na redução da biota, fertilidade e agregação do solo, além de impactos negativos na florística e fauna, pois o tempo destinado ao pousio nos diferentes contextos amazônicos pode não ser suficiente devido à necessidade de produção de alimento, o que gera pressão pela abertura de novas roças e consequente aumento de áreas degradadas. Nesse contexto, a utilização de técnicas de recuperação ecológica, tanto ativas quanto passivas, é imprescindível a manutenção dos serviços ecossistêmicos, visto que as florestas secundárias formadas após a agricultura itinerante possuem grande biodiversidade e contribuem para o sequestro e estoque de carbono. O futuro da agricultura itinerante na Amazônia só será viável se partir de viés sustentável e de equilíbrio entre a manutenção da floresta e a produção alimentar, com participação das comunidades agricultoras e implementação de técnicas e, ou, tecnologias de baixo impacto ambiental.
Palavras-chave: corte-queima; floresta secundária; monitoramento ecológico; fogo; sustentabilidade.
Shifting cultivation in Amazonia: importance, impacts, and future perspectives
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to highlight the role, implications, and future outlook of shifting cultivation in Amazonia - an ancient practice widely utilized in the region. Shifting cultivation involves the turnover of cultivated areas, interleaving agricultural species with natural regeneration, and is fundamental to the survival of rural Amazonian populations. However, the slash-and-burn process leads to a reduction in biodiversity, soil fertility, and aggregation. Additionally, it poses negative impacts on the flora and fauna, as the allotted time for fallow in the diverse Amazonian contexts may not be sufficient due to the necessity for food production. This results in the expansion of fields and, consequently, an increase in degraded area. In this context, the use of ecological recovery techniques, both active and passive, becomes essential for maintaining ecosystem services. The secondary forest formed after shifting cultivation exhibits high biodiversity, contributing to carbon sequestration and storage. The future sustainability of shifting cultivation in Amazonia depends on achieving a balance between forest maintenance and food production. This requires active participation from the agricultural community and the implementation of low environmental impact technologies or techniques.
Keywords: slash-and-burn; secondary forest; ecological monitoring; fire; sustainability.
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