REVIEW OF GEOCHEMICAL, ISOTOPIC AND FLUID INCLUSIONS STUDIES IN RAMAND REGION (QAZVIN PROVINCE)

Abstract

Ramand copper deposit is an example of vein-bearing deposits with volcanic host located in the Urumieh-Dokhtar zone. The deposit host is an Eocene volcanic sequence and the main host’s rock is the rhyolite mineral. The main minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, covellite and natural gold; and the tailings minerals include quartz, calcite and sericite. The average grade of gold in silica veins is 133.5 ppb, the average grade of copper is about 3.5% and the average grade of molybdenum is 135 ppm. Quartz-sulfide hydrothermal veins contain biphasic fluid-rich fluid inclusions and monophasic fluid-rich fluid inclusions. The homogenization temperature ranged from 73 to 307 ° C with an average of 141 ° C and in all samples, homogenization was carried out through the liquid phase and salinity variations ranged from 1.75 to 4.74 with an average of 3.65 wt% NaCl equivalent. Quartz and calcite oxygen isotope values range between 4.4 to 9.4 per thousand. Isotopic data indicate that the ore-generating fluids in the Ramand ore deposit have relatively low salinity and atmospheric-magmatic origin. According to this study, Ramand’s mineralization range is the result of hydrothermal activity in the area where mineralization with simple mineralogical characteristics has occurred in siliceous veins and sub-veins