Análise fisiográfica do Noroeste Goiano

Abstract

The mesoregion, located on the border with the state of Mato Grosso, comprises three planning microregions: Aragarças, Rio Vermelho, and São Miguel do Araguaia, with 23 municipalities. The methodological procedures involved delimiting the study area, organizing cartographic data provided by the State Geoinformation System of Goiás and the MapBiomas platform, and generating thematic maps at a scale of 1:250,000. Using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from the ALOS/PALSAR sensor with a spatial resolution of 12.5m, maps of slope and hypsometry were generated. The analysis of the results revealed a remarkable geological diversity, with folded belts, greenstone belts, and the Goiás Massif. Geomorphology presented three main compartments, with predominance of alluvial plains. Regarding soils, six main groups were identified, with predominance of the sand fraction in most soil categories. The land use dynamics over the decades indicated significant transformations, influenced by agricultural programs and environmental policies, highlighting the expansion of the agricultural frontier and its impacts, particularly in the transformation of wetland areas in this region. An increase of 690% in agriculture was observed over a 30-year period (1990 to 2020), and in relation to native vegetation, a loss of 33% occurred, evidencing that the process of habitat fragmentation in this region is active. It is noteworthy that the analyses obtained in this work serve as a subsidy for other research on the dynamics and planning of socioeconomic and environmental activities in the landscapes of Northwestern Goiás.