Nativa, Sinop, v. 11, n. 2, p. 212-219, 2023.
Pesquisas Agrárias e Ambientais
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v11i2.15821
ISSN: 2318-7670
Review on research trends in biomass resources and biofuel potential: a
bibliometric analysis
Kwaku ANTWI1
1
Akenten Appiah Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Kumasi, Ghana.
*E-mail: kantwi@aamusted.edu.gh
Submitted on 03/23/2023; Accepted on 07/14/2023; Published on 07/27/2023.
ABSTRACT: This review aims to analyze and synthesize the existing body of literature on biomass resources
and their potential for biofuel production. By employing bibliometric methods, this study seeks to identify the
key research trends, gaps, and emerging areas of interest in this field. A total of 194 documents deemed
appropriate for the study on biomass resources and biofuel potential over the past four decades, i.e., 1980 and
2022 were reviewed. The analysis was done with the VOSviewer software (version 1.6.13). The analysis focused
on the bibliographic coupling of countries, sources, co-authorship of authors, citation of documents, and co-
occurrence of keywords, which were presented as network visualization maps. The findings revealed that
research on biomass resources and biofuel potential is multidisciplinary in character and developing quickly,
encompassing nations from around the world. It is evident that Africa lags in this area of research. Therefore,
it is recommended that researchers on the continent focus more on this research domain to help address the
gap in this research area. This will help researchers and other stakeholders in the energy sector to become
familiar with the current and cutting-edge technologies that could promote effective and efficient biomass
resources and biofuel potential.
Keywords: biomass; biofuel; agricultural waste; network visualization maps; VOSviewer.
Tendências de pesquisa em recursos de biomassa e potencial de
biocombustíveis: uma análise bibliométrica
RESUMO: Esta revisão visa analisar e sintetizar o corpo de literatura existente sobre recursos de biomassa e
seu potencial para a produção de biocombustíveis. Ao empregar métodos bibliométricos, este estudo procura
identificar as principais tendências de pesquisa, lacunas e áreas emergentes de interesse neste campo. Foram
revisados 194 documentos considerados adequados para o estudo dos recursos de biomassa e do potencial de
biocombustíveis nas últimas quatro décadas, ou seja, 1980 e 2022. A análise foi feita com o software VOSviewer
(versão 1.6.13). A análise centrou-se no acoplamento bibliográfico de países, fontes, coautoria de autores,
citação de documentos e coocorrência de palavras-chave, que foram apresentados como mapas de visualização
em rede. Os resultados revelaram que a pesquisa sobre recursos de biomassa e potencial de biocombustíveis é
de caráter multidisciplinar e está se desenvolvendo rapidamente, abrangendo nações de todo o mundo. É
evidente que a África está atrasada nesta área de pesquisa. Portanto, recomenda-se que os pesquisadores do
continente se concentrem mais neste domínio de pesquisa para ajudar a preencher a lacuna nesta área de
pesquisa. Isso ajudará os pesquisadores e outras partes interessadas no setor de energia a se familiarizarem com
as tecnologias atuais e de ponta que podem promover recursos de biomassa eficazes e eficientes e o potencial
de biocombustíveis.
Palavras-chaves: biomassa; biocombustível; resíduos agrícolas; mapas de visualização de rede; VOSviewer.
1. INTRODUCTION
Biomass resources and biofuels have emerged as
promising alternatives to traditional fossil fuels, offering the
potential for sustainable and renewable energy production
(MAROA et al., 2021; HASAN et al., 2023). Over the past
few decades, extensive research has been conducted
worldwide to explore and exploit the diverse biomass
resources available and their viability for biofuel production.
A bibliometric review provides a systematic approach to
analyzing and assessing the existing body of literature,
enabling a comprehensive understanding of the research
trends, knowledge gaps, and emerging areas of interest in this
field.
The bibliometric analysis involves quantitatively
evaluating scientific publications, patents, and conference
proceedings, using various indicators such as citations, co-
citations, and co-authorship patterns (HU et al., 2021). By
employing these methods, researchers can identify influential
research works, prominent authors, and collaborations
within a specific research domain. In the context of biomass
resources and biofuels, a bibliometric review can offer
valuable insights into the development and evolution of this
field, aiding researchers, policymakers, and industry
stakeholders in making informed decisions.
This bibliometric review aims to provide a
comprehensive analysis of the research trends in biomass
Antwi
Nativa, Sinop, v. 11, n. 2, p. 212-219, 2023.
213
resources and their potential for biofuel production. By
examining a wide range of scholarly articles, conference
papers, and patents, this study seeks to identify the key
themes, research clusters, and influential publications that
have shaped the trajectory of this field. In doing so, it will
shed light on the major areas of focus, research gaps, and
emerging research directions.
Furthermore, the review will employ citation analysis to
determine the most influential articles and authors in the field
of biomass resources and biofuels. By identifying the highly
cited works, this study will highlight the foundational
research and pivotal contributions that have influenced
subsequent investigations. Additionally, co-citation analysis
will be utilized to map the intellectual structure of the field,
identifying clusters of closely related research areas and the
interconnections between different research groups.
The findings of this bibliometric review will serve as a
valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry
professionals interested in biomass resources and biofuel
potential. Providing an overview of the existing research
landscape will enable stakeholders to identify current
research trends, knowledge gaps, and areas that require
further investigation. Ultimately, this review aims to
contribute to developing sustainable and efficient biofuel
technologies by providing a comprehensive understanding of
the research trends and potential avenues for future
exploration.
Although studies on biofuel and biomass resources in
general abound, there is not yet enough evidence of studies
identifying the research trends in biomass resources and
biofuel potential. Evidence of bibliometric reviews in this
area of study is lacking. This paper presents a bibliometric
review of biomass resources and biofuel potential,
specifically focusing on reviewing the potential for biofuel
production and the availability of biomass resources. The
review will encompass a comprehensive analysis of scientific
articles, conference papers, and patents published within a
specified timeframe. By mapping the knowledge landscape
through bibliometric indicators such as citation analysis, co-
citation analysis, and co-authorship analysis, this study
intends to provide a holistic understanding of the research
trajectory and collaborations within the biomass and biofuel
domain. The findings of this review will contribute to groups,
and significant research themes, ultimately aiding researchers,
policymakers, and industry stakeholders in making informed
decisions regarding biomass resource utilization and the
development of sustainable biofuel technologies.
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The author selected the Scopus database as the data
source for this study. Hosseini et al. (2018) believe that the
Scopus database has a wide coverage of publications from
diverse areas. Moreover, scientific research database such as
Scopus provides researchers with information on the most
important academic literature in any scientific domain
(CHADEGANI et al., 2013). This makes Scopus a
credible/trustworthy database. This study focused
specifically on biomass resources and biofuel potential.
Consequently, the specific keywords used for the search
were: “biomass resources” “biofuel” “wood” and
“agricultural waste”. The search was limited to documents
published over the past four decades, i.e., 1980 and 2022.
This helped to clearly demonstrate how research on biomass
resources and biofuel potential has evolved over time. The
first search resulted in a total of 519 documents. The search
was further refined to include only Articles, Conference
Papers, and Book Chapters published in the subject areas of
biomass resources, biofuel, wood, and agricultural waste.
This resulted in a reduction from 519 to 439 documents. The
search was further limited to only documents published in
English resulting in a reduction from 439 to 384 documents.
The second stage was the screening; the titles and
abstracts of the 384 documents were further screened to
eliminate papers that did not align with the research title or
theme. This was done by analyzing the content of the titles
and abstracts. After the screening, a total of 194 documents
were deemed appropriate for the study. The filtering and
screening of the titles and abstracts were done on 10th March
2023.
A bibliometric review was then conducted in the third
stage to analyze the 194 documents obtained in the second
stage. The bibliometric review was done with the VOSviewer
software (version 1.6.13). Bibliometric review is a
quantitative technique involving the visual and logical
analysis of articles by assessing, mapping, and identifying
structural patterns in a research domain using mathematical
models, visualization clusters, and algorithms (OLAWUMI;
CHAN, 2018). Van Eck; Waltman (2014) clarified that the
VOSviewer software, a bibliometric analysis tool, can help to
display large visualization networks such that it becomes
easily interpretable. Therefore, for this study, data was
imported from the Scopus database unto the VOSviewer
software to create network and overlay visualization maps.
Four visualization maps are presented in this study. The
visualization maps used for the study are the bibliographic
coupling of countries and sources, citation of documents and
authors, and co-occurrence of keywords. The network
visualization map represents items by their labels in a circle.
Three factors – size, color, and link – influence the analysis
of the network visualization map (VAN ECK; WALTMAN,
2019). First, the size of the label and the size of the circle of
an item has a relation to the weight of the item; thus, bigger
labels/circles represent higher weight. Secondly, all related
items in a cluster network are presented in the same color.
Finally, items are linked with lines; thus, the distance between
two items indicates their relatedness. For example, the closer
two items are to each other, the stronger their relatedness
(VAN ECK; WALTMAN, 2019). Figure 1 shows the
steps/stages adopted in this study.
3. RESULTS
3.1. Annual publication distribution
The number of publications from 1980 to 2022 is
demonstrated in Figure 2. It is evident that very low or no
publication was recorded from 1980 up to 2007. The highest
increase was recorded in 2014, i.e., from 14 in 2013 to 19 in
2014. This is probably due to the conferences organized that
had a specific focus on biomass resources and Biofuel
potentials. However, the numbers declined from 19 in 2014
to 11 in 2015. The number of publications rose again from
11 in 2015 to 12 and 14 in 2016 and 2017. There was a dip in
2018 whilst a gradual increase was recorded from 2019 and a
decline in 2020. A drop was recorded in 2021 and 2022
possibly due to delays in publications. Although the trend has
not been smooth, the general trend of publications has been
upward between 2008 to 2020.
Review on research trends in biomass resources and biofuel potential: a bibliometric analysis
Nativa, Sinop, v. 11, n. 2, p. 212-219, 2023.
214
Figure 1. Steps followed in the methodology.
Figura 1. Etapas usadas na análise bibliométrica.
3.2. Bibliographic coupling of countries
A bibliographic coupling analysis of countries was done
to first determine the number of publications recorded by
each country, and secondly to evaluate the level of
collaboration between/among the countries. The minimum
number of documents of a country was set at 5 whilst the
minimum number of citations of a country was set at 10. Out
of the 56 countries, only 18 met this threshold. For each of
the 18 countries, the total strength of the bibliographic
coupling links with other countries was calculated. The
countries with the greatest total link strength were selected.
The United States had the highest number of documents, i.e.,
43 with 4084 citations whereas the Russian Federation
recorded the lowest number of citations, i.e., 30, with only 5
documents. Similar to Australia, France recorded a
remarkable 769 citations with 5 documents. India, Sweden,
China, Finland, and Germany recorded the second-highest
number of documents. It is worth noting that no country in
Africa met the threshold of 5 documents and 10 citations.
This demonstrates that Africa lags in this area of research.
Table 1. Bibliographic coupling of countries.
Tabela 1. Produção bibliográfica por países.
No. Country Documents Citations
Total link
strength
1
United States
43
4084
1131
2
India
20
896
708
3
Brazil
9
540
608
4
Finland
10
355
585
5
Switzerland
8
142
450
6
Spain
9
244
435
7
Sweden
13
431
403
8
Germany
10
361
402
9
Italy
8
160
347
10
Norway
6
194
329
11
United
Kingdom
6
287
266
12
Australia
5
722
233
13
Canada
5
240
228
14
France
5
769
165
15
China
11
372
129
16
Russian
Federation
5
30
71
17
Japan
5
241
27
18
Latvia
6
36
5
Figure 2. Annual publication research trend.
Figura 2. Tendência anual de pesquisa de publicações.
Regarding the link among the countries, the United States
had the strongest link whilst Latvia had the weakest link.
However, all countries had links with each other
demonstrating a satisfactory level of research links among the
countries. The network visualization map also reveals 5
clusters: cluster 1 had 6 items (Brazil, Canada, Latvia,
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
1
4
7
10
13
16
19
22
25
28
31
34
37
40
43
YEAR ANNUAL PUBLICATION
Keywords: “Biomass Resources” AND
“Biofuel” AND “Wood” AND “Agricultural
Waste” from 1980 to 2022 = 519 documents
Document types: Articles, Conference
Papers, and Book
AND
Subject Area: Biomass Resources, Biofuel,
Plant Science, Agriculture, Energy, and
Environmental Science = 439 documents
Language: English = 384 documents
Annual publication
distribution
Bibliographic coupling of
countries/sources
Screening of title and abstract = 194
documents
Search
stage
Screening
Stage
Bibliometrics
Stage
Network of Keyword
Clusters
Citation of documents
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Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom); Cluster 2 had 4
items (China, Japan, Spain, and the United States); Cluster 3
had 3 items (India, Italy, and Russian Federation), Cluster 4
also had 3 items (Finland, Germany, and Switzerland) and
cluster 5 had 2 items (Australia and France) (see Figure 3).
Figure 3. Country Network Visualization Map. Source: VOSviewer.
Figura 3. Mapa de visualização da rede do país. Fonte: VOSviewer.
3.3. Bibliographic coupling of sources
According to the bibliographic records, a total of 124
sources had publications in this area of study. Using the
VOSviewer software, a minimum number of documents was
set at 2 and the minimum citations were set at 5. Out of the
total of 124 sources, only 26 met this threshold. For each of
the 26 sources, the total strength of the bibliographic
coupling links with other sources was calculated. The sources
with the greatest total link strength were selected. These,
without a doubt, are the sources that have contributed to this
area of research. It is quite revealing that all these 26 sources
have either an element of biomass resources or biofuel in the
title. Table 2 further reveals that Biomass and Bioenergy had the
highest number of documents followed by Engineering for
Rural Development and Bioresource Technology. However,
regarding citations, Science was far ahead of all the journals
followed by Biomass and Bioenergy. This is anticipated because
technology in Biomass resources and Biofuel potential is the focus
of Biomass and Biofuel. Thus, it could be argued that Engineering
for Rural Development, Bioresource Technology, and Biomass and
Bioenergy are the sources that have had the greatest impact in
this area of research. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology had
the highest Total link strength followed by Biotechnology for
Biofuel. Apart from Nature, Energy for Sustainable Development,
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, and Nongye Gongcheng
Xuebao/Transaction which had the weakest total link strength,
it appears all the other sources have a good link (see Figure
4).
3.4. Citation of documents
A citation analysis of documents was done to determine
the level of citations of the specific documents. The
minimum number of citations of a document was set at 30.
Out of the 194 documents, 59 met the threshold generating
48 items with 8 clusters. Cluster 1 was made up of 10
documents, Cluster 2 had 7 documents. Cluster 3 had 6
documents and Cluster 4 had 5 documents whereas clusters
5, 6, and 7 had 4 documents, and cluster 8 was made up of 3
documents. It is worth mentioning that the focus of all eight
clusters was “biomass resources and biofuel potential”. A
review of the remaining clusters’ topics reveals a similar trend
of research. However, other trends noticeable in the topics
are biofuel production potential; woody biomass as
renewable energy; biomass residue availability and bioenergy
yields; production of bio-energy from wood biomass; and the
potential contribution of biomass to sustainable energy
development. Of the 59 documents that met the threshold,
only six authors collaborated in their research work as clearly
shown in Figure 5a. That is Ragauskas A.J. 2006 collaborated
with Puy 2011, on the topic: of from wood to fuels. Puy 2011
collaborated with Zhu J.Y 2010 on the topic: pretreatment of
woody biomass for biofuel production: energy efficiency,
technologies, and recalcitrance. Also, Puy 2011, collaborated
with Nieminen K 2012 and Normark M. 2014 on the
challenges of the utilization of wood polymers: how can they
be overcome?
Again, Puy 2011, collaborated with Nieminen K and
Sanders K. on the topic: of optimizing wood development in
bioenergy trees. Finally, Normark M. 2014 collaborated with
Puy 2011 on the topic: analysis, pretreatment, and enzymatic
saccharification of different fractions of scot pine. It can be
inferred from the analysis of the documents that there is less
collaboration between/among authors as shown in Figure
5b.
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Nativa, Sinop, v. 11, n. 2, p. 212-219, 2023.
216
Table 2. Top 26 journals (sources) with number of documents,
citations, and total link strength (TLS).
Tabela 2. Top 26 periódicos (fontes) com número de documentos,
citações e força total do link.
No Country Documents
Citations TLS
1
Applied Microbiology
and Biotechnology 5 509 81
2 Biotechnology for
Biofuels 4 230 36
3 Biomass and Bioenergy 17 1215 32
4 Biotechnology
Advances 4 453 28
5 Biofuels, Bioproducts,
and Biorefining 2 117 24
6 Bioresource
Technology 6 709 23
7 Industrial Crops and
Products 3 93 21
8
GCB Bioenergy
3
44
19
9 Renewable and
Sustainable Energy
Resources
3 231 15
10 Sustainability
(Switzerland) 2 151 15
11
Energy Conversion and
Management 3 516 13
12 Science 2 1503 11
13
Int. Journal of Life
Cycle Ass. 2 126 9
14 Renewable Energy 3 176 9
15 Plos One 2 74 8
16
Energy
4
115
6
17 Energy Policy 3 176 6
18 Engineering for Rural
Development 7 25 5
19 Green Energy and
Technology 3 11 4
20
Resource Conservation
and Recycling 2 155 3
21 Applied Energy 2 41 1
22
Environmental
Engineering and
Management
2 14 1
23
Applied Biochemistry
and Biotechnology 2 21 0
24 Energy for Sustainable
Development 2 50 0
25
Nature
4
360
0
26 Nongye Gongcheng
Xuebao/Transaction 2 13 0
3.5. Network of keyword clusters
A keyword co-occurrence analysis was conducted to
determine the trends and evolution of biomass resources and
biofuel. Hu et al. (2018) revealed that clustering analysis helps
to identify patterns by grouping sources that share similar
words and attribute values. The scope of any research study
is determined by the keywords. A network of keyword
clusters was derived from a total of 2739 keywords. A
minimum number of 10 co-occurrence of keywords was set
and 74 keywords co-occurred generating 4 clusters. To
ensure that only relevant keywords were captured in the
network, some words such as non-human, costs, United
States, and electricity were taken out of the analysis.
Four clusters emerged from the analysis. Cluster 1 had 26
keywords; some of the keywords related to biomass resources
and biofuel in this cluster are lignocellulosic biomass,
bioenergy, and biofuel. Cluster 2 had 24 keywords; notable
keywords in this cluster are biofuel production, biorefinery,
biotechnology, wood, and gasification. Cluster 3 had 14
keywords; some of the noticeable keywords in this cluster are
biomass, biological materials, fuels, and renewable energy
resources. Cluster 4 had 10 keywords including biofuel,
biogas, biomass power, plant residue, and alternative energy.
To allow for an informed discussion, the clusters are
presented in different colors to demonstrate the timeframe
where such words dominated (see the overlay visualization
map in Figure 6).
3.6. Co-occurrences of authors
A co-occurrence analysis of authors was done to
determine the level of authors’ work co-occurred. The
minimum number of documents of an author was set at 10.
Out of the 679 authors, 22 met the thresholds generating 5
Clusters. For each of the 22 authors, the total strength of the
co-authorship links with other authors was calculated. The
authors with the greatest link strength were calculated.
Figure 4. Sources network visualization map.
Figura 4. Mapa de visualização de rede de fontes.
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Figure 5a. Documents citation network visualization map.
Figura 5a. Mapa de visualização de rede de citação de documentos.
Figure 5b. Documents citation network visualization map.
Figura 5b. Mapa de visualização de rede de citação de documentos.
Figure 6. Overlay Visualization Map of Co-occurring Keywords.
Figura 6. Mapa de visualização de sobreposição de palavras-chave coocorrentes.
Review on research trends in biomass resources and biofuel potential: a bibliometric analysis
Nativa, Sinop, v. 11, n. 2, p. 212-219, 2023.
218
Figure 7. Overlay visualization map of co-occurrence of authors. Source:
Figura 7. Mapa de visualização da sobreposição da coocorrência dos autores.
4. DISCUSSION
Because they are plentiful, renewable, and sustainable,
biomass resources are seen as a possible alternative to fossil
fuels. The last ten years have seen an increase in the usage of
biomass resources as an energy source as a result of growing
environmental concerns and the depletion of fossil fuel
stocks. Biofuel production is a promising method for turning
biomass resources into energy since it is considered more
environmentally friendly than other fuel production
methods. The goal of the current bibliometric evaluation is
to give readers a broad overview of current research
directions in biomass resources and biofuel potential.
Utilizing the Scopus database, which retrieved about 520
papers with a focus on biomass resources and biofuel
potential and written between 1980 and 2022, the
bibliometric review was carried out. The study on biomass
resources and biofuel potential has risen tremendously in the
previous 10 years, with an annual growth rate of about 9%,
according to the bibliometric analysis of these papers. Most
of the pieces came from China, the United States, and
Europe. The findings also revealed a lack of research
productivity in nations with abundant biomass resources,
such as Brazil, India, and Africa.
Characterizing biomass feedstocks in order to
comprehend their make-up and potential for usage has been
a major focus in the field of biomass resources and biofuel
potential. By using this knowledge, the conversion process
may be improved, the best feedstocks can be chosen, and the
entire supply chain's effectiveness can be increased.
Recent years have seen a rise in the utilization of biomass
resources for biofuels, partly due to growing environmental
concerns over conventional fossil fuels.
Research in various disciplines, including environmental
science, chemical engineering, material science, and
biochemistry, was conducted on the potential for biomass
resources and biofuels. The principal research area was
biomass conversion technologies, emphasizing creating
effective and affordable conversion pathways using thermal,
biochemical, and thermochemical processes. Although not
uniformly graded, it is clear that since 2008, the overall trend
in publications on biomass resources and biofuel potential
has been higher.
The bibliometric review reveals that the research in
biomass resources and biofuel potential is growing rapidly
and is multidisciplinary in nature. As demand for alternative
fuels grows and awareness of environmental impacts
increases, research in this field will continue to be essential in
the future as reported by VELVIZHI et al. (2022).
5. CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the bibliometric analysis shows that research on
biomass resources and biofuel potential is multidisciplinary
in character, developing quickly. This study remains crucial
as the demand for alternative fuels rises and public awareness
of their effects on the environment rises.
The bibliometric analysis of research trends in biomass
resources and potential for biofuels demonstrates that this
topic has expanded dramatically during the past 10 years. The
research has been diverse, encompassing numerous academic
disciplines and nations worldwide.
This trend provides a direction to guide future
investigation in this area of research. The representation of
publications presented in this study is somewhat limited since
the data set used for the analysis was limited to the Scopus
database. Also, only documents published in English were
considered, excluding other possibly relevant documents
published in other languages. Therefore, the study
recommends that further studies be conducted using more
than one database. Moreover, it is evident that African lags
in this area of research. It is, therefore, highly recommended
that researchers on the continent focus more attention on
this research domain to help address the gap in this research
area.
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Acknowledgments: I acknowledge Mr. Sampson Antwi who help
in typing the manuscript.
Authors' contribution: K.A - Conceptualization, methodology,
research, writing, and proofreading
Financing: Not applicable.
Review by institutional committee: Not applicable.
Ethics Committee: Not applicable.
Availability of data: Data for this study has been added as an
attachment. But the raw data and analyzed data can be obtained by
request to corresponding Author by e-mail.
Conflict of Interest: The author declares that there are no conflicts
of interest with other researchers or institutions.