![](data:image/png;base64,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Valadão Junior et al.
Nativa, Sinop, v. 10, n. 1, p. 138-141, 2022.
139
2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS
A realização do experimento ocorreu no Instituto Federal
de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campus
Campo Novo do Parecis - MT, cujas coordenadas
geográficas são latitude S 13°40’39’’ longitude O 57°47’25’’
com altitude média de 564 m. O ambiente onde foi mantido
o experimento era constituído de uma estrutura de 80 m² feita
com as laterais teladas e com cobertura plástica. O pé direito
apresentava 3,0 m de altura, sem controle de luz, umidade e
temperatura.
Foi utilizado um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico de
textura argilosa (SANTOS et al., 2018) coletado na camada
de 0 a 0,20 m de uma área em que se encontra em atividade
agrícola, para a produção de grãos. Assim sendo, na safra
19/20 foram cultivados em período safra a cultura da soja
(Glycine max L.) e logo em sequência no período denominado
safrinha, foram cultivados a cultura do milho pipoca (Zea mays
L.). Já na safra 20/21 realizou-se o cultivo da cultura da soja
(Glycine max L.) em período safra. A análise do solo, antes da
instalação do experimento, apresentou as seguintes
características conforme Teixeira et al. (2017): pH (em CaCl2)
= 5,3; Al trocável (cmolc dm-3 ) = 0,0; Ca+Mg (cmolc dm-3)=
3,08; P- Mehlich 1 (mg dm-3 ) = 7,7; K (mg dm-3 ) = 44,4;
Matéria orgânica = 21,3 g kg-1; Saturação V(%) = 50,96;
Soma de bases = 3,2 (cmolc dm-3 ); CTC = 6,28 (cmolc dm-3
); argila = 588 g kg-1, silte = 156 g kg-1 e areia = 256 g kg-1.
O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos
casualizado, com 4 tratamentos, sendo as densidades de solo
1,0; 1,2; 1,4 e 1,6 Mg m-3 e 6 repetições, totalizando 24
parcelas. A unidade experimental constitui-se por um vaso de
0,2 m de altura, formado pela sobreposição e montagem de
dois anéis de PVC rígido com altura de 0,1 m e diâmetro
interno de 0,17 m, semelhante ao trabalho de Valadão et al.
(2020).
Na instalação do experimento, logo após a coleta, o solo
foi destorroado, seco ao ar e peneirado em malha com
abertura de 2,0 mm. Em seguida o seu conteúdo de água foi
corrigido para 20,25 %, ou seja, 75 % da umidade ótima de
compactação. Tendo em vista as densidades experimentais
desejadas e os volumes conhecidos dos anéis, calcularam-se
as respectivas massas de solo que, depois de pesadas em
balança eletrônica, foram acondicionadas em sacos plásticos
vedados, por 48 h, para distribuição homogênea da água no
solo.
O anel inferior foi todo preenchido com massa de solo
pré-determinada, para que apresentasse densidade do solo de
1,0 Mg m-3, enquanto os 0,005 m inferiores do anel superior
acomodaram as amostras de massas respectivas às densidades
do solo de 1,0; 1,2; 1,4 e 1,6 Mg m-3. Os 0,005 m superiores
do anel superior foram preenchidos com massa de solo pré-
determinada, para que apresentasse densidade do solo de 1,0
Mg m-3.
Para simular os níveis de compactação utilizou-se uma
prensa hidráulica de 30 toneladas adaptada com êmbolo de
aço, para compactar a massa de solo adicionada ao anel
superior, ocupando assim a metade inferior do anel, obtendo
densidades de 1,2; 1,4 e 1,6 Mg-3. A fim de eliminar o
espelhamento causado pela prensa, a superfície da amostra
foi levemente escarificada. Logo após, o anel foi preenchido
com 1,0 Mg m-3 de solo. Em seguida, os vasos foram
montados, sobrepondo a parte superior a inferior. Com o
intuito de evitar o crescimento de raízes na região da interface
solo/vaso, revestiu-se nas paredes internas dos anéis
(superior e inferior) uma camada de 0,002 m de espessura de
caulim umedecido com água, sendo aplicado com pincel.
Realizou-se a semeadura de forma manual no dia 05 de
janeiro de 2021, distribuindo cerca de 4 sementes por vaso da
cultivar AG IMA 110204 que apresenta um ciclo precoce e
porte reduzido, à uma profundidade de 0,01 a 0,02 m.
Aos 20 dias após a semeadura (DAS) realizou-se o
desbaste das plântulas, deixando apenas uma plântula por
vaso. Até os 25 DAS a irrigação dos vasos manteve-se com
uma saturação em torno de 50 %, visto que a mamona não
tolera encharcamento, a partir deste período as irrigações
foram regulares, com aplicações de 0,350 L de água por vaso
a cada 2 dias mantendo a saturação do solo em torno de 65%.
Além disso, realizou-se também, o arranquio de forma
manual das plantas daninhas invasoras.
Quando a cultura atingiu o estágio de florescimento (55
DAS) foram avaliadas as seguintes características: diâmetro
da haste (DH-mm) medido com paquímetro a 50 mm da base
do solo; altura de planta (H-cm) medida com uma régua da
base do solo até o meristema apical da parte aérea; número
de folhas obtido por contagem de todas as folhas fixas na
haste da planta (NF). Na sequência, as plantas foram cortadas
rente ao solo e os vasos imersos em recipiente contendo água
retirando-se todo solo aderido nas raízes, a parte aérea e
raízes foram lavadas com água destilada e secas em estufa de
ventilação forçada regulada a 65 ºC até atingir massa
constante obtendo-se massa seca da folha (MSF-g planta-1 ),
massa seca da raiz (MSR-g planta-1 ), massa seca total (MST-
g planta-1 ); relação entre altura e massa seca da parte aérea
(H/MSPA); relação altura e massa seca de raiz (H/MSR);
relação altura e diâmetro (H/D) e relação entre massa seca da
parte aérea e massa seca de raiz (MSPA/MSR).
Os resultados foram submetidos a análise de variância e
quando F foi significativo (p<0,05), aplicou-se regressão para
as densidades, utilizando-se o programa estatístico Sisvar
(FERREIRA, 2011).
3. RESULTADOS
O resumo da análise de variância é apresentado na Tabela
1. Observa-se que as variáveis afetadas pela densidade do
solo foram: altura de plantas; massa seca da parte aérea, raiz
e total; H/MSPA; H/MSR e H/D.
Tabela 1. Resumo da análise de variância para as características da
mamona em razão da densidade do solo.
Table 1. Summary of analysis of variance for castor bean
characteristics due to soil density.
Variável Fc Média geral CV (%)
Nº de folhas por planta 0,55ns 5,6 30,2
Altura da planta (cm) 13,54** 17,3 12,3
Diâmetro do caule (cm) 2,44ns 0,6 11,3
Massa seca parte aérea (g)
70,58** 2,2 12,1
Massa seca da raiz (g) 33,06** 0,7 16,6
Massa seca total (g) 64,24** 2,9 12,4
Relação H/MSPA 4,94* 8,8 34,5
Relação H/MSR 7,15** 25,8 27,1
Relação MSPA/MSR 1,59ns 3,0 19,3
Relação H/D 6,12** 31,4 13,0
Fc: valor de F calculado; CV: coeficiente de variação; H: altura de plantas;
MSPA: massa seca da parte aérea; MSR: massa seca de raiz; D: diâmetro do
caule.
Ao se analisar separadamente a altura de planta verificou-
se um resultado linear negativo (Figura 1), com decréscimo