![](data:image/png;base64,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Germinação e propagação in vitro de mogno brasileiro (Swietenia macrophylla King)
Nativa, Sinop, v. 9, n. 5, p. 595-599, 2021.
596
bióticos tem sido um grande desafio para a comunidade
científica.
Devido às dificuldades de propagação seminal de várias
espécies nativas, como o mogno brasileiro, a propagação
vegetativa torna-se uma alternativa de multiplicação para
finalidades comercias. Com isso, as técnicas de cultura de
tecidos permitem a manutenção de coleções vivas dos mais
variados tipos de espécies vegetais de importância econômica
ou em extinção. Na área florestal, esta se encontra embutida
nos programas de pesquisa, onde tem sido utilizada na
preservação de germoplasma, produção de plantas livres de
doenças por meio de ápices caulinares e meristemas,
multiplicação rápida de plantas selecionadas em períodos de
tempo e espaço físico reduzidos, rejuvenescimento clonal e
produção de mudas de clones selecionados (XAVIER et al.,
2013), acelerando os programas de propagação clonal de
genótipos de alto valor comercial e de difícil enraizamento.
Diante o exposto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo
determinar os aspectos físicos e verificar o efeito de
diferentes concentrações e tempos de hipoclorito de sódio
combinado com diferentes luminosidades na germinação in
vitro das sementes, verificar o efeito de diferentes
concentrações de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) e ácido
naftalenoacético (ANA) na multiplicação in vitro dos brotos,
a fim de fornecer informações sobre o desenvolvimento da
espécie e sua posterior produção de mudas.
2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS
2.1. Biometria e germinação
in vitro
A coleta das sementes de mogno foi realizada, em quatro
matrizes, de acordo com o potencial de vigor da população,
nos municípios de Cáceres e Figueirópolis D’Oeste no
Estado de Mato Grosso, em julho de 2017. Estas foram
beneficiadas e armazenadas em câmara fria no Laboratório
de Biotecnologia, Tecnologia e Produção de Sementes
Florestais da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, campus
de Cuiabá (MT).
Para a análise biométrica foi realizada a determinação do
tamanho médio das sementes, com quatro repetições de 25
sementes, sendo mensuradas: largura, espessura e
comprimento, em milímetros (mm), por meio de paquímetro
digital.
Para a germinação in vitro, as sementes foram
desinfestadas em câmara de fluxo laminar e imersas em álcool
70% por aproximadamente dois minutos, e logo em seguida
imersas em hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5% (v/v), com tempos
de imersão variando de 0 a 40 minutos. Posteriormente, as
sementes foram imersas em fungicida benlate com 2 g L-1 e,
em seguida, passando pela tríplice lavagem em água destilada
e autoclavada. O meio de cultura foi constituído de sais e
vitaminas MS (Murashige; Skoog, 1962) adicionado de 30 g
L-1 de sacarose e 0,01 g L-1 de mioinositol, com pH de 5,8 ±
0,01. Foram inoculadas quatro sementes por frasco no meio
de cultura e mantidas em sala de crescimento com luz
(irradiância de 30 μmol m-2 s-1) e no escuro, ambas na
temperatura de 25 ± 2⸰C.
O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado em
esquema fatorial 2 x 5, totalizando 10 tratamentos, cinco
repetições e quatro sementes/repetição. Foram avaliados,
semanalmente, durante o período de 30 dias, a porcentagem
de germinação (%GER), tempo médio de germinação (TM),
porcentagem de contaminação por fungos (%CONTF) e
bactérias (%CONTB) e o índice de velocidade de germinação
(IVG), de acordo com Maguire (1962) (Equação 1):
IVG= N1
D1 +
+…+
(01)
em que: N1= nº de sementes germinadas na 1º contagem; D1= nº
de dias para a 1º contagem; Nn= nº de sementes germinadas na
última contagem e Dn= nº de dias para a última contagem.
2.2. Multiplicação
in vitro
Para a multiplicação in vitro foram instalados 2
experimentos, sendo denominados de “1” para o efeito de
regulador de crescimento na indução de brotações, a partir
de segmento apical, intermediário e basal de mogno, e “2”
para o efeito de reguladores de crescimento e combinações
na indução de brotações, a partir de brotações da
multiplicação in vitro.
No experimento 1 os explantes foram excisados e
inoculados, aleatoriamente, em tubos de ensaio contendo sais
e vitaminas MS, acrescidos de 0,01 mg L-1 de mioinositol, 30
g L-1 de sacarose, 5,5 g de ágar e de diferentes combinações
de 6- benzilaminopirina-BAP (0,0; 0,25; 0,50 e 1,00 mg L-1).
O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em
esquema fatorial 3 x 4, totalizando 12 tratamentos de cinco
repetições e quatro explantes/repetição. Foram avaliados a
porcentagem de brotação e o número médio de brotos por
explantes (NMBE), semanalmente, durante 56 dias.
No experimento 2 foram utilizados explantes retirados do
experimento 1, isentos de contaminação. Os brotos de
mogno foram excisados, em câmara de fluxo laminar e
inoculados em meio de cultura de sais e vitaminas MS,
acrescidos de 0,01 mg L-1 de mioinositol, 30 g L-1 de sacarose
e 5,5 g de ágar, e variadas concentrações de 6-
benzilaminopirina-BAP (0,0; 0,25; 1,0 e 2,5 mg L-1) e de ácido
naftaleno acético- ANA (0,0; 0,25; 1,0 e 2,5 mg L-1) e um
tratamento adicional com combinação de 5,0 mg L-1 de BAP
e 5,0 mg L-1 de ANA. Neste experimento o delineamento
utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 10 tratamentos,
quatro repetições e três brotos/repetição. Foram avaliados
semanalmente, durante o período de 30 dias, a porcentagem
de brotação e porcentagem de calos.
Para todas as análises estatísticas foi empregado o
programa estatístico R versão 3.3.3 (R CORE TEAM, 2017)
e o pacote adicional Experimental Designs (Expdes)
(FERREIRA et al., 2013).
3. RESULTADOS
3.1. Biometria e germinação
in vitro
Os dados de biometria das sementes de mogno
apresentaram valores médios de altura, largura e espessura de
24,19, 11,97 e 3,68 mm, respectivamente.
Para a germinação in vitro de mogno a análise de variância
indicou que houve interação significativa entre os fatores:
tempo de imersão em hipoclorito de sódio e luminosidade
para as variáveis: índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG),
tempo médio de germinação (TM), porcentagem de
germinação (%GER), porcentagem de contaminação por
fungos (%CONTF) e bactérias (%CONTB). Dessa forma,
cada fator foi avaliado de forma independente. Para o fator
luminosidade, houve diferença significativa para os tempos
de imersão em hipoclorito de sódio para as variáveis: índice
de velocidade de germinação (IVG), tempo médio de
germinação (TM) e porcentagem de contaminação por
fungos (%CONTB).
A análise de regressão linear simples foi significativa
(p<0,05) para a variável IVG em relação ao tempo de imersão
das sementes no hipoclorito de sódio, sendo o maior tempo