Advances In Forestry Science is a peer-reviewed, open access journal established in September 2013 by the Graduate Program in Forestry and Environmental Sciences at the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT). The journal is dedicated to publishing original research articles across the full spectrum of forestry and environmental sciences. Our primary mission is to promote the agile and barrier-free dissemination of scientific knowledge, ensuring that significant findings are universally accessible to researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and the public worldwide. We aim to foster advancements and understanding within these critical fields by providing a platform for sharing impactful research.
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Drying rate and wood quality of Ateleia glazioviana Baill.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of sawn pieces of Ateleia glazioviana wood subjected to free-air and kiln drying, in order to gain knowledge about the use of the species. The study was carried out at the Forest Products Laboratory (LPF) at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). Specimens of the species’ wood were randomly selected and placed in a forced air circulation oven with a temperature of 60 °C and dried in the open air, where the material was placed side by side on a structure with a “Brasilite” cover. The variables evaluated were moisture content, drying rate and assessment of defects such as cracking and warping. The drying rate for the pieces in an oven varied from 12.65 (g/cm2h)103 to stabilization at 0.11 (g/cm2h)103 and an average rate of 1.87 (g/cm2h)103. The average outdoor drying rate was 0.14 (g/cm2h)103, starting at 1.20 (g/cm2h)103 and ending at 0.01 (g/cm2h)103. In the kiln-drying and outdoor-drying treatments, defects such as cracks on the surface of the pieces and warping were observed, except for curling, in which the pieces dried outdoors did not show this defect. In general, the wood of A. glazioviana was not very susceptible to defects, and there were no pieces with collapse or other defects that would make it unfeasible to use.
Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Forestry Science
Impact of distance from forest remnants on pollination in agroecosystems
Pollination is an essential ecosystem service for maintaining biodiversity and food production. Recent estimates indicate that pollination by animals benefits approximately 87.5% of known botanical species. The conservation of natural habitats is essential for maintaining environmental resources needed by pollinators, such as floral resources and nesting sites. In this study, we evaluated the effect of distance from forest remnants on pollination and production of agricultural crops through a meta-analysis. The response variables analyzed were pollinator diversity (richness and abundance), visitation rate in agricultural crops, seed production, fruiting rate, and fruit weight. Thirty-nine studies representing 165 cases were reviewed. The effect size was negative for fruiting (-0.41), diversity (-0.98), and richness (-0.86) of pollinators. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that the proximity of agricultural crops to forest remnants has a positive influence on pollinator diversity and richness, resulting in higher fruit set rates and increased fruit weight. These findings reinforce the importance of conserving natural habitats as a strategy to promote ecosystem services essential to agricultural productivity.
Revisão bibliométrica da distribuiçãoespacial das árvores em florestas tropicais
Knowledge of the spatial distribution pattern of a forest can provide information about the ecology of a given species, assist in defining conservation strategies, help with sampling processes and clarify the spatial structure of the species in question. The objective of this research was to carry out a bibliometric survey of scientific works that address the topic of species distribution in tropical forests over the last 11 years (2013-2023). The following keywords were used for the research: ‘species distribution pattern AND tropical forest AND tree’, in the Web of Science database, where search filtering was subsequently applied by years, country and area of knowledge, obtaining a sampling of 202 publications. Among the main results, it was highlighted that the years 2017 and 2022 had the highest number of published works. The area of Ecology was the one that presented the largest number of publications related to the topic. The magazine “Ecology and forest management” was the one that stood out for the quantity of works published, and the most prolific author on the topic was Costa, F. R. C. A bibliometric review carried out in this article demonstrated that there is a growing interest and diversity of approaches in scientific production on the spatial distribution of species in tropical forests.
Schedules drying based score defects or tropical species
Knowledge of the heterogeneity of forest species is important for the drying process. The drastic drying test methodology at 100o C was used on samples of 10 x 50 x 100 mm, relating defects such as cracking to the drying speed in samples of 17 forest species from the Amazon region, obtaining at the end of the test the initial temperature, final temperature and drying potential, necessary for the preparation of drying programs. The results presented values of drying parameters with the possibility of dividing the species into four groups, by similarity of drying speed and development of defects, equal to or close to, above and below fiber saturation point (FSP).
Growth of Moringa oleifera Lam. in homogeneous plantations with different fertilizations in the Northeast Region
Moringa oleifera Lam. has great economic importance due to its multiple potential uses. It still stands out for its soil and climate adaptation in semi-arid regions, being proposed as an alternative for sustainable development in the Brazilian Northeast. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the growth of the species, at 36 months age, in homogeneous plantations with different fertilizations, in an area with low natural fertility soil in the municipality of Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Four treatments were evaluated: (T1) only mineral fertilizer (131 kg ha-1 of triple superphosphate); (T2) mineral fertilizer (131 kg ha-1 of triple superphosphate) + organic compound (7 kg ha-1); (T3) mineral fertilizer (131 kg ha-1 of triple superphosphate) + biochar (3 kg ha-1); and (T0) control (without fertilization). Data collection was based on measuring the circumferences at the base and at the chest height, and the height of the plants. The survival of the species was assessed and the biomass volumes per unit area were estimated. The fertilized treatments showed greater survival, growth and productivity compared to the control. The treatment with organic compound showed better growth results, with an average diameter at the base (DB) of 16.2 cm; average diameter at breast height (DBH) of 7.9 cm; average height of 5.87 m; productivity of 72.5069 m³ ha-1; and average annual increase (IMA) of 24.16 m³ ha-1 year-1. The results highlight the importance of fertilization for better silvicultural performance of the species.
Tree growth and leaf functional attributes of Australian cedar clones cultivated in Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and functional resources of Australian cedar trees (Toona ciliata M. Roem var. australis) in Jataí-GO. Data were collected at four different times of the year (between August 2018 and May 2019) in an experimental laboratory with six Australian cedar clones. Precipitation and air temperature were collected monthly. Functional attributes were selected in four seasons (drought, dry-rain transition, rain and dry-transition). Diameter and height, periodic increment, basal area (Ab), degree of elegance, follicle thickness, specific leaf mass (MFE), relative water content (CRA) and degree of succulence (GS) were defined. After 26 months of planting Australian cedar seedlings in Jataí, clones 2, 3 and 4 showed the largest increases in diameter, height (including clone 1) and Ab. Clone 3 increased more than Ab in the study period. The degree of thinness did not vary between seasons or between clones. Leaf functional resources varied according to the time of year, except for leaflet thickness. MFE was higher in the transition between dry and rainy season for all clones, while the CRA of the leaflets in the dry season had the lowest values and the GS was lower in the rainy season. There was no highlight for any clone regarding the variation in leaf functional resource values. Clones considered being similar growth patterns, with good adaptation in Jataí, and their leaf functional attributes were influenced by the collection seasons.
Dormancy and overcoming treatments in seeds of forest species
Dormancy as is the condition in which viable seeds do not germinate even under favorable environmental conditions. It is noticed in the literature that there are divergences regarding the presence or not of dormancy in seeds of forest species and also about the type of dormancy and the treatment to be carried out when it is present. The objective of this study was, by means of a literature review, to report disagreements regarding the existence and type of dormancy in the seeds of 85 native and exotic species of the flora of Brazil and to present inconclusive cases that require evaluation by the scientific community. For this, a bibliographic survey was carried out on studies regarding the dormancy of seeds of these species. The literature review gathered 249 articles, with which seed dormancy was ratified and not ratified in 78 and 17% of the 85 species. For 5% of the studied species, it was not possible to state whether they were dormant or not due to the scarcity of information in the literature. In species with dormancy, the predominant type is physical, with mechanical and chemical scarification techniques being used in 41.5 and 31%, respectively, to overcome dormancy. The present study found and signaled the need for further studies to clarify the existence of dormancy in certain species, as well as the type of dormancy and the adoption of treatment to overcome it.
Copyright (c) 2024 Advances in Forestry Science
Richness of the Cerrado in Conservation Units: an analysis of tree diversity and structure in the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park - Mato Grosso
Anthropogenic actions have significantly impacted the Cerrado, making floristic and phytosociological studies important to understand and describe the diversity of tree species in the biome. The objective of the research was to describe the horizontal structure and calculate the floristic indices Jentsch's Mixture Quotient (QM), Simpson's Index (S'), Shannon's Index (H'), Pielou's Evenness Index (J') and Sorensen similarity (SO), through a forest inventory with sampling sufficiency of 10 sampling units in an area of ​​138.38 ha. A total of 79 species from 37 families were observed, with the highest importance value for the species Tachigali vulgaris. The diametric distribution pattern verified was negative exponential (“inverted J”). Shannon's diversity index (H') and Pielou's evenness index (J') obtained results of 3.63 and 0.83 respectively. 92.06% of individuals are part of classes 1 and 2, measuring a maximum of 15 cm in diameter, 38 species were classified as zoochorous and 28 as anemochorous. The absence of fire records can contribute to the maintenance of species diversity.
Quality of Pinus taeda L. seedlings in response to fertilization with controlled-release fertilizers
There are several brands of controlled-release fertilizers available on the market, and it is essential to verify their efficiency in producing quality forest seedlings in less time and at a reduced cost. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the use of different controlled-release fertilizers in the production of Pinus taeda seedlings, evaluating their influence on the quality of the seedlings produced. The experimental design used was completely randomized, using the following fertilizers: Osmocote® 18-05-09 (5M) and Basacote® 16-08-12 (+2) (6M). For the composition of the treatments, the following doses were used: T0 - 2.0 kg of Osmocote® + 2.0 kg of Basacote®; T1 - 4.0 kg of Osmocote®; T2 - 4.0 kg of Basacote®; T3 – 3.0 kg of Osmocote® + 1.0 kg of Basacote®; per m3 of substrate. The following were measured: shoot height, root diameter, robustness quotient, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass and Dickson quality index. For the production of P. taeda seedlings with a good quality standard, it is recommended to apply 3.0 kg of Osmocote® + 1.0 kg of Basacote® per m3 of substrate. All parameters evaluated were influenced by the fertilizers used.
A model for roundwood of planted forests
Forest harvesting is quantified in stereo volume. Therefore, there is no information on the types and quantities of products that can be extracted from trees. Information on timber products, as well as their evaluation, can assist forestry producers in trading. Another purpose is to provide support information for companies that purchase forests, such as the amount of most sold pieces and the amount of wood residue. In this work, a model to segment trees into roundwood pieces in the dimensions provided by the user was developed and validated. The required data are the diameter at breast height (DBH), total height of the trees, taper data, and the diameter and length dimensions of the roundwood pieces selected by the user. The validation was performed on the harvest of 8-year-old eucalyptus clone I224 and VM1, in an ILPF system and monoculture. The number of errors greater than 20% for the dimensions of pieces selected and calculated by the algorithm did not exceed 8% of the frequency distribution.
Analysis of urban forest and available areas for tree planting in public squares in the municipality of Rorainópolis, RR, Brazil
With the increase in the urban population, there is an increase in the demand for green areas for outdoor recreation, challenging managers to promote adequate spaces that benefit ecosystems and human health. Therefore, the first step in planning is the diagnosis of the circumstances in which the squares are found. With that, the objective of this study was to evaluate the afforestation of the 7 squares in the seat of the municipality of Rorainópolis-RR. Identification, inventory, phytosociological and phytosanitary analyzes of tree individuals were carried out, measurement of available areas for the implantation of afforestation, with afforestation and calculations of available areas and the deficit in the number of trees. During the visits, it was verified that in all the analyzed squares there were nonconformities, such as: acts of vandalism and lack of preventive maintenance in the arboreal components and in the physical structure. In the 7 squares, 168 trees were observed, distributed in 12 families and 16 species. The main problems found in the afforestation of these squares are related to the lack of maintenance, low species richness, with only 2 species representing 72.61% of the inventoried trees, namely Ipê and Sombreiro, with respectively 66 and 56 individuals. Based on the areas available for tree planting, it was found that the squares in the city of Rorainópolis have, for the most part, a high deficit of urban afforestation, with poorly distributed and insufficient vegetation cover.
Richard Wellington Silva Rodrigues Meira
Wood welding rotational of Brazilian native species
Wood welding is a relatively new technique in Brazil, especially when using native wood species. This research aims to determine the shear strength of joints made using the friction stir welding process with two native Brazilian species: Hymenaea courbaril L. (jatobá) and Trattinnickia burserifolia Mart. (amescla). Ten specimens were divided into two groups: five with welded dowels and five with glued dowels. The dowels were made of jatobá wood and the pieces were made of amescla wood. After welding and gluing the dowels, the shear strength of the joints was determined by mechanical tests. The taper of the dowels was also measured in the specimens with welded dowels. The results showed that the mean shear strength of the glued dowel joints was 4.878 MPa, while the mean shear strength of the welded dowel joints was 1.718 MPa. The mean taper of the dowels was 6.20%. The welded region of the dowel had a dark color due to the increase in temperature at the piece/dowel interface during the welding process. It was concluded that welding occurred between the pieces and dowels, demonstrating the potential of the technique using native wood species.
Occurrence and habitat preference of wildanimal in T. A. Afolayan wildlife park, Nigeria
Adequate knowledge of the occurrence and habitat preference of wild fauna species in an ecosystem is critical for taking stock of what is available and improving its effective management. This study was conducted at the T.A. Afolayan Wildlife Park in Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria. Data on population and species of animal in relation to the habitat where they are found was obtained using Camera trap, direct and indirect methods along the established transect in the park. Vegetation data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Shannon Werner Diversity Index (H). Result showed that six species of wild animals were observed which include tree squirrel (Paraxerus cepapi), maxwell duiker (Philantomba maxwellii), bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), black cobra (Naja nigricollis), flat-headed cusimanse (Crossarchus platycephalus) and fresh water turtle (Pelusios species). Tree squirrel has a higher naïve occupancy (NO=1.00) while fresh water turtle the lowest naïve occupancy (NO=0.14). A total of 36 tree species belonging to 16 families were identified with Diversity index (H1) of 2.68, also Diversity index of 2.56 and 2.00 were recorded for open secondary forest and rock outcrop vegetation respectively. Maxwell duiker and bushbuck were encountered along the open secondary forest and degraded vegetation, tree squirrel were found in open secondary forest and the water turtle were found in Rock outcrop. The study has provided insight on the distribution of wild animal species in the park while recommending that the University administration should be proactive in the management of wildlife resources in their conservation area.
Fiber properties of Acacia mangium and Calophyllum brasiliense woods for papermaking: a comparative study
This study analyzed the fiber properties of 24 trees, 12 of which were Acacia mangium and 12 Calophyllum brasiliense, with the aim of evaluating the suitability of these species for paper production.We determine wood density, fiber features and fiber properties for the purpose of papermaking. In general, our results showed that both woods have medium quality for papermaking; however, C. brasiliense has a slight advantage by the greater number of properties classified as medium based on the reference values for fiber properties and the average values for each species. For flexibility coefficient, both species are classified as medium quality, falling within the range of 0.50 to 0.65. Wall fraction is also classified as medium quality, falling within the range of 0.50 to 0.35. Runkel ratio values group both species as good for paper (0.50 - 1.00). Slenderness ratio ranks A. mangium (0.62) in group III, 0.50 - 1.00, as good for paper, while C. brasiliense (0.43) is ranked in group II, 0.25 - 0.50, as very good for paper. According to Luce’s shape factor, C. brasiliense is good for papermaking with a value below 0.5. Overall, both species were found to be suitable for paper manufacturing, demonstrating strong potential for this industrial application.
Visitantes florais e produção de frutos de Cagaiteira (Eugenia desynterica DC.)
The cagaiteira Eugenia dysenterica is an important fruit species native to the Brazilian cerrados, belonging to the Myrtaceae family. Pollination represents one of the environmental services with global reach, playing an essential role in preserving the biodiversity of both wild and agricultural plants worldwide. Therefore, the work aimed to survey the main floral visitors to E. dysenterica collection, located in the experimental area of ​​the School of Agronomy at the Federal University of Goiás in Goiânia, GO. The E. dysenterica was visited by around 13 species of floral visitors. Among the visitors, the species Scaptotrigona depilis, Paratrigona lineata, Exomalopsis analis, wasps (Polybia sp.) and dipterans. The flower-to-fruit conversion rate for open flowers (without bagging) was 11%, whereas flowers that were isolated with floral visitors and potential pollinators had a flower-to-fruit conversion rate of only 5%. Thus, we conclude that E. dysenterica depends on pollinators, especially bees, to increase its fruit production.
A synthesis of research on the sequestration of carbon in forests and the conservation of water
Forests help solve environmental issues by sequestering carbon and conserving water. Forest management's ultimate goal is to optimize dual functions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and maintain the water cycle. Increased forest production and ecosystem water balance have costs and benefits. This study reviews forest carbon sequestration and hydrological principles for future research. The interaction between forest carbon sequestration and water conservation revealed information gaps and research needs. Previous research has helped comprehend forest carbon fixing and hydrological regulation. Many equipment and methods can quantify and monitor forest carbon and hydrological issues at multiple geographical and temporal levels. Afforestation programs that improve carbon sequestration and water maintenance ecosystem services lack knowledge. Top-down scheduling of afforestation in locations with uncertain water supplies must address how much and where to plant assumed existing land, ecological implications, and local progress and income. Planting decisions dominate local management. Cooperative research is needed to build and manage planted forests for carbon sequestration, water management, and other societal purposes. This study's integrated paradigm for forest management considers carbon sequestration and water conservation can assist future research.
Diagnosis of licensing processes submitted to the municipal secretariat of Rorainópolis, RR between 2017 and 2020
: This work aims to obtain information on the processes and concessions of environmental licensing carried out throughout the city of Rorainópolis, RR, between the years 2017 to 2020. The method used to achieve this objective was to carry out a survey of data on the environmental processes carried out at the Municipal Environmental Secretariat of Rorainópolis. The information was acquired from the physical collection and from the environment agency's electronic database. All information was attached in a digital spreadsheet and from these data were performed as analyzes and interpretations. Through the results of this work it was possible to verify: a soil Use and Occupation Certificate (CUOS) and a Simplified Environmental License (LAS) were the environmental procedures most carried out in the municipal secretariat; as for the duration of the processes, more than 80% of the processes were processed in up to one week, for both CUOS and LAS; The Operating License (LO) stands out for being considered more complex, where 43.12% of the processes remained in the department for more than a month; the agrarian/forest potential of the municipality of Rorainópolis, as most of the simplified concessions analyzed came from activities related to agriculture, livestock and forestry; the occurrence of the annual increase in the number of licenses issued by the municipal secretariat demonstrating the municipal development.
Comparative Study of Water Quality Across Different Seasons in the Gregório River Watershed, São Paulo, Brazil
The goal of this study was to monitor the water quality in the Gregório river, São Carlos, São Paulo during the dry and rainy seasons using traditional methods such as physical and chemical analysis of the water and biological indicators. Six sampling points were monitored, ranging from the nearest location to the source of the river to its confluence with the Monjolinho river. Physical and chemical parameters of water (water surface temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity) were measured using a multiparameter probe. The distance between the points was determined according to the access to the site: from P1 to P2 (1328 m), from P2 to P3 (1278 m), from P3 to P4 (201 m), from P4 to P5 (820 m), and finally from P5 to P6 (1814 m). The biotic index used in conjunction with the environmental variables was the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP), a qualitative index that utilizes benthic macroinvertebrates to classify water quality. Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, Chironomus, Enchytraeidae, Hirudinea, and Naididae were recorded at sites P1, P2, and P6 during both the dry and rainy seasons. This study, particularly at P6, it was observed that despite the higher concentration of dissolved oxygen compared to the other analyzed sites, which would indicate good water quality, the BMWP indicated that the location had a strongly polluted water quality, suggesting that environmental factors must be associated with biological indicators. It was concluded that the use of biological indicators along with environmental data provided a more reliable understanding of water quality.
Characterization of the ecological aspects of species listed in Decree No. 785 of January 18, 2021, of the State of Mato Grosso
The abundance of native fields and forage plants in the Pantanal has favored the development of extensive livestock, the main economic activity in the region. The exercise of this activity has been jeopardized due to the reduction in support of native pasture through the invasion of dominant species. Aiming to regulate the management for the restoration of natural landscapes the Mato Grosso State Department of Environment created Decree No. 785/2021, which ordains for the restoration activities of the grassland formations in the Mato Grosso Pantanal. By observing existing gaps in the current legislation such as the lack of ecological information about the listed species, management and control methods as well as the possibility of evaluating socio-environmental aspects, this work aims to describe the ecological characteristics of tree and shrub species listed in Decree No. 785/2021, seeking to provide information that can complement the legislation as well as the terms of reference that guide those technically responsible for the management and control of species in native grasslands. . It was verified that the invasive potential of the species contained in the legislation is associated with intrinsic characteristics such as their propagation and seed dispersal; besides this, it was possible to list possible economic uses. The information obtained can be added to the available terms of reference as a guideline for the accomplishment of good management practices for the restoration of grassland formations.
Yield and economic feasibility of Eucalyptus dunnii stands under different management regimes
The aim of this study was to analyze volume yield, number of logs per assortment and economic feasibility of Eucalyptus dunnii stands under different management regimes. The stands are located in Fernandes Pinheiro, Paraná State, Brazil and cover a total area of 2.26 hectares, fragmented into three strata (treatments): A (8 years after coppicing regime), B (9-year old stand after two thinnings), and C (7-year old stand after one thinning). Diameters at breast height (d) of all trees and heights of 110 trees were obtained. The total height of the other trees was estimated by a hypsometric relationship. Tree volume was obtained through a taper function. For the economic analysis comparing the three strata, the periodic equivalent value (PEV) and the internal return rate (IRR) were evaluated considering an interest rate of 8%. The commercial volumetric estimates ranged from 156.61 to 375.53 m³ ha⁻¹. The stratum A yielded more logs, mostly for energy; stratum B yielded larger logs, and stratum C yielded similar number and volume of logs from all assortment classes. For economic analysis, PEV ranged from R$ 196.16 to R$ 1,255.79 ha year⁻¹, and IRR ranged from 12.73% per year (stratum A) to 21.35% per year (stratum C), based on a interest rate of 8%. It was concluded that the management condition of stratum C resulted in higher economic returns, with its product primarily destined for Sawmill 1.
Estimating the annual diametric increment in a natural Rainforest in south Brazil
Diametric increment is a complex variable to be estimated in natural forests, especially given species composition and slow tree growth. In these situations, some studies have turned their attention to the use of individual tree growth models combined with strategies for grouping trees or species. This work aimed to estimate the diametric increment of trees in a natural remnant of a natural Rainforest in south Brazil, aiming to investigate methodologies for forming groups of individuals that favor the estimation of individual diametric increment. The groups were formed based on a two-stage methodology, based on relative diameter, diametric increment, and competition indexes. The diametric increment was estimated based on a ratio estimator used to reconcile the grouping strategy. The grouping method satisfactorily classified the individuals, in which the competition indexes were relevant for this classification. The estimation error of the diametric increment was 0.0599 cm.year-1 for the training data and 0.0765 cm.year-1 for the validation data. The estimate of the future diameter had an average error of 4.52%. The combination of a two-stage stratification and ratio estimator was satisfactory for accurately estimating the diameter increments of all tree species.
Temporal evolution of deforestation in the Xingu River Watershed between 2008 to 2020
Anthropic activities that alter land cover patterns in Watersheds, such as deforestation, affect the food and sanitary security of the population. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a quantitative analysis of the temporal evolution of deforestation in the Xingu River Watershed between the years 2008 and 2020. To achieve this, the methodology was organized into the following steps: Database construction (Xingu River Watershed boundaries, deforested areas, and Land Use and Land Cover); Data preprocessing; Analysis of the temporal evolution of deforestation; and Quantitative analysis of land cover change in the deforested areas. It became evident that deforestation did not exhibit a standardized behavior, due to the large proportion of deforested areas in 2008 and the abrupt reduction in 2012. Furthermore, the deforestation in 2012, 2016, and 2020 resulted in greater conversion of native forests into pasture than the regeneration of these areas. Therefore, it can be concluded that 2008 had the highest deforestation rate, due to the increase in soybean prices, and that 2012 had the lowest rates due to the implementation of environmental policies, highlighting the relationship between environmental policies and the seasonality of commodity prices with deforestation rates. It was also concluded that the main destination for the deforested areas has been pastureland for livestock, and a viable solution to identify and punish offenders, as well as support small-scale producers and recover areas devastated by deforestation, is land regularization.
Quality of wood waste stored in sawmills in the Amazon for energy purposes
Storage of wood waste exposed to atmosphere may alter the quality of the Fine Wastes of Sawed Wood (RFDM). Thus, the objective was to evaluate the physical, chemical and energetic characteristics of Amazonian RFDM from the different sections of the different sections of the preexisting piles stored at sawmills in the Rorainópolis Timber Hub, state of Roraima, Brazil. The tests were granulometry, moisture (wet basis), hydrogen potential, solubility of the wood in 1% sodium hydroxide solution, bulk density, extractives of wood, lignin, holocellulose, volatile materials, ash, fixed carbon and higher heating value (PCS). The sections of the piles presented statistically different behaviors for most of the physical, chemical and energetic characteristics. The sections of the base and middle of the piles obtained similar and distinct behaviors from the top of the piles, exceptions were the tests of hydrogen potential, solubility of the wood in 1% sodium hydroxide solution, extractives of wood and ash. Based on the results obtained, the RFDM underwent chemical and energetic changes during the storage process. In addition, storage contributed to the increase of PCS at the base and in the middle of the piles, due to the higher percentage of lignin present in the samples. Based on the results obtained, the RFDM of the different sections of the piles have initial potential for energy production.
Apparent density of wood determined by two different methods in Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and Pinus tecunumanii
The aim of this study was to compare the apparent wood density obtained by two different methods in populations of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and Pinus tecunumanii, both 50 years old, located in Itirapina, SP. For this purpose, five trees of each species were selected. From each tree, two discs of 7 cm thickness were removed in the diameter at breast height (DBH) region. To determine the apparent density by the gravimetric method, samples were collected at five different positions, from pith to bark, on one of the discs. The other disc was used to obtain the radial profile of apparent wood density, using the X-ray Densitometry method. The results revealed that the apparent density did not differ significantly between the species. Variations in apparent density were observed from pith to bark in the trunks of both species, with a tendency of increasing density towards the bark. Furthermore, positive correlations between radial position and apparent density were observed in both species. The methodologies used to obtain the apparent density showed a high correlation between them, allowing for estimates with good precision. It is worth noting that the apparent density obtained by the gravimetric method showed significantly higher values than the X-ray densitometry method.
Monitoring checklist for the construction of light-woodframe houses
Light-woodframe emerges as a modern construction solution to compete with the masonry houses, due to similarities in competitive costs and low-trained labor. This informality contributes to troubles and problems, being identified as perceptible challenges for the building planning and management. A good tool to solve these difficulties consists in the use of a standard checklist during construction process activities, avoiding the negligence of necessary steps to complete the building project. This checklist indicates the systemic view of the complete process, acting as a facilitating and standardizing tool for the progress of on-site building works. To meet these demands, the present paper developed and proposed an organizational tool, materialized by a checklist presented in Appendix section of this paper, in order to monitor the construction process of wood-based houses through light-woodframe system. Due to detailed knowledge of each building phase, this user-friendly checklist adds values and offers organization routines for developers and suppliers. Printed checklists exclude the need of electronic devices on site, allowing copies for all workers. On building site, it allows controlling the systematization and progress of activities, providing a comprehensive systemic view of the work.
Copyright (c) 2023 Advances in Forestry Science
Efficiency of the use of biostimulants for the production of Ipê-roxo seedlings (Handroanthus impetiginosus Mart.)
Handroanthus impetiginosus Mart., commonly known as “ipê-roxo”, is a native forest species of the Amazon with multiple functionalities; hence, strategies that can optimize seedling production of this species are indispensable, such as the use of growth-promoting biostimulants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of H. impetiginosus seedlings after inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms. Four treatments were tested, three with microorganism inoculation (R46 = Burkholderia pyrrocinia; R92 = Bacillus subtilis; and MIX = four isolates of Trichoderma asperellum) and one without inoculation, considered as a control (CTL). Inoculation took place 14 days after germination, and measurements of the evaluated parameters occurred after 60 days. For height, stem diameter, and Dickson's Quality Index, only treatments R92 and MIX were superior to CTL. Chlorophyll content did not differ among treatments. Cluster analysis revealed similarity between R92 and MIX. Microorganism inoculation resulted in an increase in root fresh mass. We believe that the antimicrobial properties of the forest species may have inhibited the effects of R46, whereas for R92, benefits could be observed because H. impetiginosus releases exudates that attract the bacterium. The positive and relevant effects of MIX can be explained by the fungus's ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid. Thus, this study highlighted the efficiency of biostimulants for the production of H. impetiginosus seedlings, and the use of B. subtilis and T. asperellum is recommended as a strategy to enhance the practice.
Marcos Alexandre Vieira Nascimento Filho
GAMLSS Modeling on stem taper of Tectona grandis L.f
In this study we propose GAMLSS to fit taper functions. We measured 52 Tectona grandis trees for fiting of the 5th degree polynomial by multiple linear regression and by the theory of generalized additive model for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS). The goodness of fit was determined by the statistics: squared coefficient of correlation (R2), standard error of the estimate (Syx and Syx(%)), Akaike information criterion (AIC), worm plot, quantile-quantile plots, residual dispersion and statistics Deviation (Bias), Root Sum Squared Residues (RMSE) and Percentage Residues (RP). Pre-established assortment sections were assessed by numeric integrals in both adjustment methods, as well as volume and height for a given diameter of each assortment section. The classic linear model was more efficient according to R2, Syx and Syx(%). However, the GAMLSS model was more efficient according to AIC, auxiliary statistics and graphical analysis of residuals. Assessing the practical effect of the different methods, we verified no differences in the classification of the products, morever, the volume obtained from the classic linear model was 5.47% greater in relation to the GAMLSS for the first product and the heights occurrence of diameters reached up to 37 cm. The GAMLSS model, in general, presented diameter estimates with greater efficiency in estimating the actual values.
How does soil nutritional stress limit restoration in the Amazon?
Forest restoration is an urgent demand in the national and global scenario, especially in the Amazon due to the advance of forest cover loss. On the other hand, the nutritional limitation of soils in this biome is a challenge for this practice, considering the entire impact of stress on plants. Considering it, this review sought to compile the findings on the impacts of nutritional stress on tree species, as well as the strategies used to reverse this impasse in the Amazon. As a result, it was possible to observe biochemical, physiological, and morphological responses in tree species. In general, we found that nutritional stress results in changes in the biochemical and physiological activities of the plant since most nutrients are related to the function, structure, and/or composition of cellular elements. For morphological characteristics, a decrease in height, biomass and leaf area are the most recurrent damages. Regarding restoration methods used to minimize nutritional stress, besides conventional techniques such as phosphate fertilization and liming, it was observed the scientific community has invested in strategies mainly based on the reuse of waste. Furthermore, the application of biostimulants, biochar, and biofortification is increasingly common and promising. In this context, the promotion of research in the Amazon biome is strongly recommended to reduce existing gaps.
Law on access to information as an instrument for conducting forestry research in Brazil
The Law on Access to Information (LAI) allows access to any information, as long as it is not confidential or personal. Forest inventories submitted to public agencies probably fall within the scope of the LAI, which makes them a viable solution to the lack of financial resources that subsidize forestry research in the Amazon. The objective was to evaluate the LAI as an instrument for conducting forestry research and, based on this, to evaluate the diametrical structure and the spatial pattern of copaíba and uchi. The protocol to request access to the forest inventory was carried out through the e-SIC. The diametral structure was calculated for a 10 cm amplitude, while the spatial pattern was obtained by Ripley's K function. Forest inventories are subject to the LAI and therefore are not considered confidential or personal. The inventory acquisition period was 20 to 30 days. The period, location, required object and thematic cut are fundamental aspects to approve the request for access to forest inventories. The species presented a diametrical structure tending to normality. This suggests an imbalance between mortality and recruitment rates caused by low seed production or unfavorable soil and climatic conditions. The uchi species presented an aggregate spatial pattern, while the copaíba trees presented a variable pattern depending on the distance. These spatial patterns are results of dispersal syndromes and habitat heterogeneity.
Response groups of plants from deciduous and semi-deciduous forests based on dynamic rates: evaluating impacts imposed by dams
The functional plant response groups can be useful to comprehend vegetation's reaction to an impact. The responses of tree species in seasonal forests under the influence of artificial damming were evaluated considering the hypothesis that deciduous forests may have more response groups due to their possession of species with higher tolerance to water deficit during the dry season than semi-deciduous forests, as it is an environment with greater water deficit during the dry season and possesses more species specialized in dry conditions. The hypothesis states that (1) increased water availability can hinder the maintenance and establishment of species adapted to dry environments, as they exhibit high tolerance to water deficit during dry seasons, and (2) deciduous forests will have more response groups with high demographic rates (recruitment, mortality, decrement, and increment) due to more dramatic changes in soil moisture. Response groups were detected by comparing dynamic rates of tree species near and far from the artificial lake's shore using Euclidean distance between species' dynamic rates and the Ward method. Few groups were formed away from the dams, and many groups emerged after the impact in both forests, indicating that changes resulting from damming were more prominent near the dam. More negative responses and groups affected by damming were formed in deciduous forests compared to semi-deciduous forests. Predicting the stabilization of these forests remains uncertain, necessitating long-term monitoring for obtaining robust data and additional explanations